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株高达2.2米!中科院推出高产水稻新种质“巨型稻”

2017-10-17 10:42:54   

图为巨型稻不同生长时期田间表型注:A,苗期;B,分蘖期;C,抽穗期;D,成熟期;图D中左边高杆为巨型稻,右边矮杆为普通杂交稻。

新华网北京10月16日电(王莹)记者从中国科学院获悉,由中科院亚热带农业生态研究所夏新界研究员领衔的水稻育种团队16日宣布,历经十余年研究,团队日前培育出超高产优质“巨型稻”:株高可达2.2米、亩产可达800千克以上、具有高产、抗倒伏、抗病虫害、耐淹涝等特点。经农业部植物新品种测试中心DNA指纹检测,以及华智水稻生物技术有限公司56k水稻SNP基因芯片指纹图谱检测,确认“巨型稻”是一种水稻新种质材料。

据夏新界介绍,这种“巨型稻”光合效率高,单位面积生物量比现有水稻品种高出50%,平均有效分蘖40个,单穂最高实粒数达500多粒,单季产量可超过800千克/亩。

记者了解到,“巨型稻”是在现有优异种源的基础上,运用突变体诱导、野生稻远缘杂交、分子标记定向选育等一系列育种新技术,获得的拥有完全自主知识产权的水稻新种质材料。其具有突出的高产、强抗等显著优势。“巨型稻”茎秆粗壮,直径可达18.5毫米,叶片蜡质和角质层厚,具有抗倒伏、抗病虫害、耐淹涝等特点。

在湖南长沙郊区的试验田现场,著名水稻专家袁隆平院士认为:“这是一种非常好的新种质材料,具有很高的生物量,未来还需要努力提高收获指数。”

当前,我国普遍面临农村劳动力短缺、水稻种植“增产不增收”,早稻种植面积逐年下降的局面。“‘巨型稻’株形高大、稀植、生育期长、叶茂且冠层高、淹水深度大,可为蛙、鱼和泥鳅等稻田养殖动物提供良好的栖息环境,具有适宜种-养结合的优势。”夏新界告诉记者。

为充分利用“巨型稻”这一特殊优势,提升稻田生产经济效益,2017年在“长沙站”建设了30亩“巨型稻”生态综合种养模式试验与示范区,采用化肥、农药、抗生素零使用等有机农业生产方式。与现有常用的稻田综合种养模式相比,稻谷产量至少提高一倍以上,青蛙、泥鳅、稻花鱼等养殖动物的成活率亦提高一倍以上,生长周期缩短15-20天,个体重量提高20%以上,产量提高1.5倍以上,全部产品实现绿色、优质化,亩均纯收入超过万元。

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