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价格改革进入攻坚阶段 能源、医疗等仍是重点

2017-10-17 09:07:54   

党的十八大以来,我国价格改革不断向纵深推进。日前,中央农村工作领导小组办公室主任韩俊表示,正在研究水稻去库存政策,今后水稻和小麦的最低收购价将会更有弹性,反映市场需求变化。据记者了解,不仅是农产品价格,目前97%以上的商品和服务价格实现了市场调节。国家发改委表示,未来还将继续推进价格改革,其中能源、农业、交通运输、医疗等领域仍然是改革重点,将进一步推进企业减负,激发市场活力,培育发展新动能。

发改委表示,根据具备竞争条件的商品和服务价格一律放开的原则,到目前为止,中央层面已经放开下放80多项政府定价项目,政府定价只限定在重要公用事业、公益性服务和网络型自然垄断环节。

在近日召开的国务院常务会议上,明确了医改下一步将完善公立医院运行新机制、用体制机制改革推进医联体建设、集中力量开展疑难高发癌症治疗专项重点攻关等主要方面。今年4月8日,北京3700多家医疗机构在全国率先实施“医药分开综合改革”,降低药品和大型医用设备检查、检验价格,提高手术、护理等价格,改革几个月来,药品价格平均降幅超过8%。

据介绍,2014年以来,除麻醉药品和第一类精神药品外的药品价格均已放开由市场调节。目前,公立医院药品加成已全面取消,对由此减少的医院合理收入,通过调整医疗服务价格补偿80%至90%。通过改革,我国将公立医院补偿渠道改为服务收费和政府补助两个渠道,结束了60多年“以药补医”的历史,初步建立了公立医院科学运行新体制。

在电力、天然气等能源领域,目前已经全面完成了省级电网输配电价改革,市场交易电量占到电网企业销售电量的23%左右。理顺了非居民用天然气价格,占消费总量80%以上的非居民用气价格主要由市场主导形成。长输、短输、配气等天然气全产业链和输配电价格科学化、精细化监管框架已基本建立。

在农产品方面,重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度改革已经进行了五年,我国棉花、大豆已经实施了目标价格改革,油菜籽、玉米已经取消了临时收储政策。采用最低收购价制度的水稻与小麦也正在研究水稻去库存政策,今后水稻和小麦的最低收购价将会更有弹性,反映市场需求变化。

同时,我国还稳健推进棉花目标价格改革,探索出一条农产品价格主要由市场供求形成、价格与政府补贴脱钩的新路子,激发了生产、加工、流通、纺织全产业链活力,为农业供给侧结构性改革提供了实践经验。

发改委日前颁布了新修订的政府制定价格行为规则,并将于2018年1月1日起施行。对比之前的内容,新修订的规则进一步缩小定价范围,强调定价机制化。将政府制定价格的范围进一步缩小为“重要公用事业、公益性服务和自然垄断经营的商品和服务”,明确了授权市、县政府制定有关价格决定的制发权限。同时,逐步推进政府制定价格机制化,强调政府应当根据不同行业特点,逐步建立商品和服务的定价机制,实现商品和服务价格调整的机制化、透明化,尽可能减少直接制定具体价格水平。

对此,发改委表示,通过制定定价机制推动价格调整的机制化、透明化,尽可能减少直接制定价格水平。未来,发改委还将根据行业特点,在更多的商品和服务领域通过建立定价机制逐步实现价格调整机制化,最大限度减少自由裁量权,提高政府决策公信力和水平。

业内专家表示,未来价格改革的方向将会进一步朝着有利于发挥市场配置资源决定性作用方向探索,价格调整将更加机制化、透明化、动态化,最大限度减少自由裁量权,进一步提升政府制定价格的科学性。而能源、农产品、医疗等作为价格改革的重要带动力量,仍将是未来改革的重点。(李志勇)

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