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中科院昆明动物所成功揭示实验大鼠起源驯化遗传机制

2017-10-11 13:41:54   

央广网昆明10月11日消息(记者李健飞)近日,中国科学院昆明动物研究所张亚平课题组与吴东东课题组合作,通过比较野生褐家鼠和实验大鼠的基因组和转录组数据,解析了实验大鼠的起源和驯化遗传机制。相关研究成果发表在Molecular Biology and Evolution上。

实验大鼠作为一种广泛使用的模式动物,由野生褐家鼠驯化而来,也是一种家养动物。与其野生祖先褐家鼠相比,实验大鼠在形态、行为及生理方面发生很大变化,但实验大鼠的起源以及导致其被驯化成功的机制尚不清楚。

研究人员利用群体遗传学方法,FST与cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH)等,在全基因范围内扫描了野生褐家鼠与实验大鼠群体之间出现分化的区域,发现大量神经系统基因在大鼠驯化过程中受到人工选择作用,例如,在学习记忆方面起重要作用的FOXP2和B3GAT1,以及节律相关基因CLOCK。这些基因在实验大鼠的神经组织中的表达水平显著上调,有助于提高学习记忆能力。研究人员推测学习记忆能力的提高可能是实验大鼠被驯化的关键。此外,基于转录组分析及qPCR数据揭示能量代谢相关基因在实验大鼠大脑组织中显著上调,这为进一步揭示实验大鼠驯化的遗传机制奠定了良好的基础。

该研究得到中科院先导B项目的资助。

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