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世界镇痛日:癌痛患者避开这些用药误区

2017-10-11 11:01:53   

央广网重庆10月11日消息(记者陈鹏)每年10月11日是“世界镇痛日”。癌痛,是癌症患者最常见的症状之一,它让晚期癌症患者难以忍受,常比死亡更令人畏惧。据世界卫生组织统计,晚期癌症患者中50%以上有疼痛表现,30%出现严重的剧烈疼痛,在中国每天有100万的癌症患者遭受疼痛的折磨,却只有三成患者得到有效缓解。

研究证实,长期使用阿司匹林、芬必得这类非甾体消炎药,会对心脏、消化道、肾功能产生较大危害。而且这一类药物都存在最大限制剂量,超过限制剂量后,止痛效果不会增加但不良反应发生的可能性却会大大增加,我们称之为“天花板效应”。所以,需要服用止痛药的慢性癌痛患者,使用吗啡这类阿片类药物更为安全。

重庆市肿瘤医院药学部袁忠珍介绍,由于长期以来人们对疼痛的认识比较片面,认为疼痛只是疾病的症状,只要疾病治好,疼痛就会消失,所以至今还有众多患者正在忍受着疼痛的折磨。

袁忠珍说,在日常工作中,经常有患者或家属咨询癌痛用药的相关问题,其中不乏存在对药物认识和使用的误区。

很多人说不要轻易使用吗啡,吃多了容易上瘾?袁忠珍表示,吗啡成瘾只是针对健康人群的一种说法,而癌症患者本身强烈的疼痛就能够起到良好的成瘾阻断作用。癌症患者如果严格按照医生指导,服用阿片类药物的缓控释制剂镇痛,是不会产生欣快感和依赖性的,基本不会出现成瘾性(目前报道的发生率不足万分之四)。临床实践证明,当癌痛的病因得到控制,大多数患者都能够逐渐降低使用剂量直至最终停止使用。所以大可不必为此担心。

此外,很多癌症患者认为不痛就可以不吃或者少吃,袁忠珍表示,不按医嘱服药,当出现癌痛或癌痛加剧时,疼痛就不能得到有效的控制。

对于癌性疼痛患者,止痛药的作用固然重要,但医护人员及家人的关怀也很必要,希望癌痛患者积极配合治疗,走出癌痛阴影,积极乐观地面对以后的生活。

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