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我国又有三处古水利工程成为世界遗产

2017-10-11 10:56:53   

央视网消息 :北京时间10日晚上,我国宁夏引黄古灌区、陕西汉中三堰、福建黄鞠灌溉工程3处古代水利工程在世界灌排委员会执行大会上被确认为“世界灌溉遗产”并予以授牌。

世界灌溉工程遗产与世界文化遗产、自然遗产、农业文化遗产等都称为世界遗产,是国际灌排委从2014年起开始评选的世界遗产项目。其遴选标准较为严格,必须满足建设年代在100年以上的灌排工程,在工程设计、建设技术等方面领先于其时代等。目前,我国陕西的郑国渠、四川东风堰等10处灌溉工程已成功申报,加上此次成功申报的3处,我国已有13处世界灌溉工程遗产。

新闻链接:宁夏引黄古灌区

“南有都江堰 北有青铜峡”,这是我国最著名的两个无坝引水灌区。这里所说的青铜峡就是宁夏引黄古灌区的分界线,青铜峡上游为卫宁平原,下游为银川平原。此次被认定为世界灌溉工程遗产的宁夏引黄古灌区有2000多年的历史,时至今日,它仍然在当地的生产生活中发挥着重要作用。下面我们就来了解一下位于宁夏的这个引黄古灌区。

宁夏,处于干旱半干旱地区,黄河流经这里虽然不足400公里,却是这里的人们赖以生存的基础。2000多年前,人们在这里利用地面低于黄河河面的独特地理构造,兴修水利。在黄河中以引水堤分水,将水引入黄河两岸修筑的水渠中,实现无坝引水;在修筑水渠时,又使出水口远低于入水口,渠里的水因为高差关系,自动向下流,实现自流灌溉。无坝引水、自流灌溉这些水利技术的应用,也使宁夏成为自汉代以来,西北最古老、最大的人工灌区之一。而宁夏主要灌区,也以青铜峡为界,一分为二,上游为卫宁平原,下游为银川平原。

宁夏大学教授陈育宁

宁夏大学教授陈育宁 :如果没有利用黄河水,这个地方是一个荒漠地区,自从利用了黄河,有效地开发,随着灌区的增加,人口的适当增加,一直保持在土地、人口、环境、资源在这个链条上一直得到了一个协调。

宁夏三面被沙漠包围,这片人工绿洲来之不易。依靠的就是这里纵横交错的灌溉网。这张网却不是一蹴而就,当地大部分学者认为,这些古渠系始于秦代蒙恬屯边垦荒,随后汉、唐、明等朝代,随着黄河改道,以及天灾、战火等,这些渠道数量不断改变,直到清代达到了24条。

宁夏水利博物馆副馆长陆超

宁夏水利博物馆副馆长陆超 :我们目前还有14条古渠,仍然在发挥灌溉作用,2000多年前的引黄灌溉奇迹被沿用到今天。

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