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打开“深空之门”:美俄携手建首个月球轨道空间站

2017-09-29 07:37:52   

中新网9月29日电(齐君) 当地时间9月27日,美国航空航天局(NASA)和俄罗斯联邦航天机构签署了一份联合声明:将合作建造首个月球轨道空间站,名为“深空之门”(Deep Space Gateway),以作为深度探索太阳系并将人类送上火星的月面基地。

国际空间站宇航员拍摄的飓风

国际空间站“升级版”

顾名思义,“深空之门”将作为探索月球表面及宇宙深处的一个门户。具体来说,就是美俄将联合建造一个大型居住舱,可供开展长期的载人飞行任务和科学实验,其发射需使用美国太空发射系统(Space Launch System)的超重型运载火箭和猎户座飞船(Orion spacecraft)。

与国际空间站相比,月球空间站是运行在月球轨道,而非地球轨道。同时,月球空间站也将使用更先进的技术,比如使用电推进技术,并可在月球附近轨道之间转移等。

事实上,多年来国际空间站的运行也为月球空间站的建设提供了宝贵的借鉴经验。

资料图:火星陨石坑。图片来源:NASA官网

深空探索“时间表”

按照规划,此次太空探索之旅前期分为两部分:“深空之门”和“深空飞船”。

一方面,美俄将从现在到2026年左右研发并建造“深空之门”空间站;另一方面,从2020年左右至2030年左右,将建成“深空飞船”,并在月球轨道进行为期一年的火星模拟飞行。

至此,月球轨道空间站作为一个中转和补给站建造完成,并将主要用来测试和完善用于深空探索的航天器——深空飞船。

但是,由于月球轨道的辐射水平比国际空间站要高得多,因此接下来可能将实现载人登陆月球,并开始在月球建设基地。同时,如一切顺利,可能会在2033年开始进行前往火星系统和火星表面的载人长途飞行,并继续对太阳系进行前所未有的更深层探索。

2017年9月25日消息,欧洲航天局9月22日发布3D打印月球基地效果图。

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