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湖大博士生研发电力“神器”

2017-09-28 20:17:51   

央广网长沙9月28日消息(记者邓文辉 通讯员李妍蓉 曾欢欢)听过变频空调、变频冰箱,听说过“变频”水电站吗?近日,湖南大学电气与信息工程学院博士生吕铭晟和他的同学们一起为中小水电站设计了个“变频”“马达”——变速恒频水力发电系统,采用该技术后,水电站也可变频工作。按历史水文数据测算,若全国中小水电站变频工作后,一年可提升的最大发电量相当于一个三峡水电站。

吕铭晟告诉记者,传统的中小水电站一般采用水轮—调速箱—直流励磁发电机的定速恒频发电方式,因为直流励磁的运行特性,因此对发电机转速有恒定要求,直观体现在机组对水流量的固定要求,从而使得枯水季节可发电量大大减少。而项目团队研发的变速恒频水力发电系统,可智能调节励磁或变流系统,从而实现水大水小都能发电,不仅可以全季节全天发电,枯水期也可不停机运行,还能完成最大水能功率捕获,灵活高效利用水能。

“如果应用‘变频’水电站,一座传统中小型水电站每年可提升发电量20%—40%。”吕铭晟说,根据2013年全国农村水电增效扩容改造工作会议上公布的数据,全国共有45000多座农村水电站,装机容量6500多万千瓦,将近3个三峡电站的装机容量。如果升级改造,按平均提升发电量30%折算,新增装机容量1950万千瓦,这就将近一座三峡水电站的装机量(2240万千瓦)。如果保守估计提升发电量20%,新增装机容量1300万千瓦,相当于2/3个三峡水电站。通过这种变速恒频的发电技术,还有望改变数百年以来拦河建坝的水电建设方式,对生态更为友好。

变速恒频水力发电系统是“多出”一座三峡水电站的最大“功臣”,而他的“大脑”主要是一种多功率等级并网变流系统拓扑。这种拓扑结构以永磁电机或双馈电机为核心的能量转换系统,针对不同能量和电压等级灵活选取两电平交直交、三电平交直交变流器结构,采用矢量解耦控制,实现了380V-10kV、100kW-5MW范围变速恒频并网。该项核心技术现已获国家发明专利10项,在《IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics》、《IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics》、《Renewable and suastainable reviews》等行业顶级期刊(SCI 1区)上发表了论文10篇。

此外,“变频”水电站还拥有高电能质量并网技术,能提供电压更稳定、更高质量的电能;“变频”水电站的水电综合云服务系统则可通过大数据分析,实时监控电站群运行情况,并及时处理预警信息,实现水电站智能化管理。

目前,中水珠江规划勘测设计有限公司等已经同吕铭晟的研发团队签订合作合同,广西农村投资集团有限公司、湖南三立水电开发有限责任公司等企业也均已该团队签订合作意向书。2017年至今,该项技术已获得160万元销售收入。

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