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中科院昆明动物所家鸡矮小化研究取得系列进展

2017-09-27 00:02:53   

央广网昆明9月26日消息(记者李健飞)近日,中国科学院昆明动物研究所在家鸡矮小化研究中获得系列进展,相关研究成果发表在进化生物学领域杂志Molecular Biology and Evolution上。

人类的驯化和选育使得家鸡成为表型多样性最为丰富的动物之一。在体型大小方面,大型肉鸡或斗鸡(>5 kg)和小型观赏鸡(~0.5 kg)可达到10倍以上的悬殊差异。作为重要的经济性状,家鸡的体型一直受到育种工作者的长期关注。其中,家鸡的矮小化(dwarfism)在蛋鸡和观赏鸡选育中至关重要。然而,传统关于家鸡体型的研究难以精确锁定关键基因,家鸡体型大小的遗传学机制尚不清楚。

针对家鸡的矮小化现象,昆明动物所研究人员尝试采用基于高通量测序技术的群体基因组学分析方法,对我国著名矮小化观赏鸡——元宝鸡展开研究。相关结果显示,BMP10基因在元宝鸡受强烈的人工选择作用,其上游启动子区域的突变导致其在元宝鸡心脏中表达上调,是导致其矮小化的重要原因。该基因可以解释元宝鸡22.41%的体型变异。相关工作也表明,运用群体基因组分析有望在较小的群体样本水平发掘家鸡复杂性状的主效基因。

有意思的是,矮小化的家鸡品系众多,其遗传机制是否相同?针对这一问题,研究人员进一步选取了世界上体型最小的鸡——塞拉玛(Serama)和我国云南著名的小型鸡——大围山微型鸡开展了群体基因组学研究。群体遗传结构分析揭示,元宝鸡、塞拉玛和大围山微型鸡有着独立的遗传组分。群体历史分析显示,元宝鸡和塞拉玛在选育过程中经历了强烈的瓶颈效应。选择信号和模拟计算分析锁定IGF1和POU1F1是决定塞拉玛矮小化的重要基因。相关基因均在生长发育相关通路中发挥重要的作用。这种选择信号组合的模式提示“杂种优势”效应是导致塞拉玛成为世界上体型最小鸡种的重要原因。对三个矮小化鸡种的比较分析显示,它们矮小化的遗传机制并不相同,很可能是多次独立选育的结果。相关结果也为今后的家鸡育种工作提供重要的靶点和参考。

昆明动物所副研究员王明山、博士研究生Newton O. Otecko,中国农业大学博士研究生王胜以及昆明动物所研究员吴东东为共同第一作者,中科院院士、昆明动物所研究员张亚平和副研究员彭旻晟为共同通讯作者。

该研究得到中科院战略性先导科技专项、973项目和中科院青年创新促进会的支持。

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