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700年玉河故道建起景观公园

2017-09-26 08:34:19   北京日报

修缮后的玉河南段碧波荡漾,花草繁茂,重现700多年前“水穿街巷”的盛世美景。本报记者孙戉摄

从什刹海出来,穿过中轴线上的地安门往东,深砌的河堤里,一条长河蜿蜒东流。明清风格的围墙沿河而建,两岸杨柳依依。过了平安大街,又是另一番景象:河道变浅,水草摇曳,观水平台探入水面,5处铜色浮雕“京杭大运河风情图”连成长卷:白浮泉、张家湾、杨柳青、南阳修船厂、微山湖……浓缩了1700多公里的大运河风光。

这里,就是被填埋地下近半个世纪的古玉河河道,如今重见天日。

“以前,我们都去景山、北海遛弯,现在吃完晚饭,一问去哪儿?大家都说,河边!连玉河都不用提,就知道准是这儿,这就是我们的后花园!”家住腊库胡同41号院的李新红说。

李新红今年66岁,1977年嫁到这儿,已经40年了。“那时候这上面都盖着房子,很多人不知道这下面还有一条古河道。前些年,政府说要恢复,大伙儿都不相信!”

玉河始建于1293年,是元大都的漕运通道,元代始称通惠河,明代改叫玉河。明朝以后,由于缺水等原因,玉河的漕运功能慢慢消失。1918年后的几十年里,玉河逐渐断水。1956年,河道被彻底填埋,上面陆续盖满了房子。2005年,作为北京市六片文保试点项目之一,玉河保护工程正式获批立项。

2007年4月,北京市文物研究所开始一期考古挖掘。在历时一年多的发掘过程中,清理出元、明、清时期的河道及堤岸,东不压桥、玉河庵东配殿等一批重要的遗迹;出土有玉河庵碑、银锭锁等大批文物。东不压桥遗址、驳岸遗存等,按其出土原状向公众展示。如今,在东不压桥展区,可以看到燕翅、裹头、券脸石、金刚石条、石墩等古河道遗迹;在万宁桥下方,两只镇水石兽俯卧在堤岸两侧,北岸那只为存世不多的元代文物。

2014年,京杭大运河入选世界文化遗产。当年,玉河故道二期保护工程启动,从平安大街到北河沿大街,全长600余米。但这次的考古工作却收获不多,除下澄清闸外,连完整的河堤都没有找到。而且河道很深,不适合原状恢复,只能填埋之后,在上面做景观公园

京杭大运河承载了厚重的历史文化,一期露天遗址多,好展示。二期怎么办?

“二期河道南高北低,落差有一两米,为了方便游览者亲水,在河道南侧建了多个观水平台。平台本身就要安装安全扶手,可以在扶手上做文章。”项目实施方北京天街集团有限公司总经理助理姚文国介绍。经过综合考量,设计方决定把京杭大运河途经各地的主要节点摘出来,绘制成风情长卷,以浮雕画的形式,兼具扶手功能,在观水平台上展示。

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