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【治国理政新实践 内蒙古篇】黑河科学调水17年 内蒙古荒漠中崛起“绿色奇迹”

2017-09-25 19:57:53   央广网

“干涸的海子有了水,胡杨林活了,搬走的村民又回来了!”内蒙古额济纳旗吉日格朗图嘎查老支书贡嘎激动地说。守着这片胡杨,村里不少人搞起牧家乐。保护来之不易的生命之水,贡嘎义务当起了护水员。

驻足东居延海,碧波荡漾、芦苇摇曳,令人沉醉。谁能想象,17年前这颗大漠明珠流干最后一滴眼泪,成为西部继罗布泊之后的第二大干涸湖。

黑河调水17年,这片“死海”是如何重获新生的?

上中下游唇亡齿寒,17年“救命水”驰援接力

有水是绿洲,无水是荒漠。额济纳旗策克嘎喳牧民巴图孟克深有体会:“实在是没办法,没有水,一点草都长不出来!”2000年5月,一家人望着无边的沙地,无奈地带着400多只羊搬离了家乡。

黑河,是我国第二大内陆河,发源于祁连山中段,全长928公里,流经青海、甘肃、内蒙古,最后注入额济纳旗的居延海。

千百年来,在黑河水的滋养下,居延海水肥草美。然而,“水从门前过,谁引都没错”,上中游过度用水,人与自然争水,黑河水渐渐无力抵达居延海。1961年,西居延海消失;1992年,东居延海消失。

上中下游,唇亡齿寒。据统计,上世纪60年代以来,居延海地区每年有4万亩胡杨、沙枣、红柳枯死,土地沙化加重,草场植被由200多种骤减至20多种。风沙随之而来。仅2000年,额济纳爆发沙尘暴27次,并多次袭扰京津。中游的张掖也未能幸免,沙尘暴愈演愈烈。明天的张掖,会不会成为又一个额济纳?

小小居延海,连着中南海。党中央、国务院关心额济纳的生态建设,2000年起实施黑河水量统一调度。水利部黄委会成立黑河流域管理局,授权进行全流域管理。

调水,难在跨省区分水。黑河流域管理局局长刘钢说,与额济纳一样,黑河水也是张掖的命根子,这里年蒸发量是降雨量的10倍,百姓生活、生产用水全指望黑河。水能不能分出来?

“全线闭口,集中下泄”,这是黑河的唯一选择。“不能光顾自己痛快,让下游着急!” “共饮一河水,共建好家园。”中游百姓作出了无私奉献。

张掖市临泽县板桥乡西湾村,曾是鱼米之乡。黑河调水,西湾村用水也愁了,村支书顾聪,带着群众打机井、栽果树,种草养畜、调结构,缓解用水矛盾。

“秋水老子冬水娘,不浇冬水不长粮。”每年秋后,收完玉米,地里都要浇上一遍冬水。2000年是枯水年,再加上闭口,张掖市高台县友联灌区有2000多亩地一茬水也没浇上。

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