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2020年我国将建成世界上最大清洁高效煤电体系

2017-09-20 01:51:56   中国青年网

9月19日,《经济参考报》记者从中国煤电清洁发展与环境影响发布研讨会上获悉,2020年我国将建成世界上最大的清洁高效煤电体系,而目前大气污染治理的重头戏,则是包括钢铁、水泥、平板玻璃、电解铝等在内的非电力行业。

中国以煤为主的资源禀赋决定了能源消费以煤为主的格局,也决定了以煤电为主的电力生产和消费结构。根据中电联统计,截至2016年底,发电装机容量达16.5亿千瓦,其中煤电装机容量9.4亿千瓦,占发电装机总量的57.3%;发电量达6.0万亿千瓦时,其中燃煤发电量约3.9万亿千瓦时,占总发电量的65.5%。

环保部大气环境管理司司长刘炳江表示,“十一五”初期,煤电行业主要污染物排放占全国排放总量的一半左右,经过十几年的努力,总装备容量是2005年的2.4倍,二氧化硫、氮氧化物的排放量均从最高峰的千万吨级下降到百万吨级,成为我国工业行业中达标排放率最高的行业。

2014年起,煤电行业率先推进超低排放改造。2015年,环保部、发改委、能源局印发《全面实施燃煤电厂超低排放和节能改造工作方案》,提出到2020年完成超低排放改造。

“截止到今年6月底已累计完成5.7亿千瓦,占煤电机组装机容量的60%。京津冀地区已经全面完成,东部地区也已基本完成,到2020年将建成世界上最大的清洁高效煤电体系。”刘炳江称。

中国电力企业联合会当日发布的《中国煤电清洁发展报告》也显示,通过自主研发和引进消化吸收再创新,燃煤电厂大气污染物控制装置形成了全覆盖,治理技术总体达到世界先进水平,部分领域达到世界领先水平。

据了解,目前相比煤电行业污染物持续减排,非电行业对我国污染排放影响越来越大,我国钢铁的产量占世界的50%,水泥占60%,平板玻璃占50%,电解铝占65%,且分布了40多万台量大面广的燃煤锅炉,量大面广的城中村、城乡结合部和农村的采暖用煤数量更是惊人。

“非电行业污染治理的基数、管理的能力与电力行业相比还有很大的差距。二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟粉尘的排放量占全国四分之三以上。另外,挥发性有机物排放量还未得到有效的控制,主要来源是石化、化工、工业涂装、包装印刷等行业。目前我们将紧紧抓住非电行业大气污染治理这个主要矛盾,加快推进工业炉窑燃煤锅炉和散煤等污染的治理。”刘炳江称。

据了解,近期十部委和六个省政府联合印发了《京津冀及周边地区2017年-2018年秋冬季大气污染综合治理攻坚行动方案》。刘炳江透露,目前在“2+26”个城市用的是空气质量改善目标倒逼产业结构、能源结构、交通结构调整的试验区,到下个月底,京津冀大气污染传输的通道“2+26”各城市完成以电替代煤300万户以上,纳入到2017年淘汰清单的4.4万台燃煤小锅炉全部清零,基本完成供电行业挥发性有机物整治工作,2017年采暖季完成工业企业无组织排放。

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