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新闻分析:传统能源车将成为历史吗?

2017-09-12 18:46:28   新华网

新华社北京9月12日电 新闻分析:传统能源车将成为历史吗?

新华社记者郭洋

全球一些发达国家已宣布了传统能源车停产停售时间表,中国日前也宣布已启动传统能源车停产停售时间表研究,引起全球汽车业界震动。有关传统能源车是否将要成为历史的讨论越来越热烈。

中国工信部副部长辛国斌9日表示,全球汽车产业正加速向智能化、电动化方向转变,为抢占新一轮制高点,把握产业发展趋势和机遇,中国已启动传统能源车停产停售时间表研究。这一表态引发各国媒体和汽车业界的广泛关注,毕竟中国汽车行业年销量已突破2800万辆,连续八年位居世界第一。法新社11日报道说,如果中国这一全球最大的汽车市场拒绝燃油车,可能会永久性改变整个汽车产业。

事实上,法国和英国已然给传统燃油车判了“死刑”。今年7月初,法国生态转型与团结部长尼古拉·于洛宣布,法国将在2040年前彻底禁售燃油车,同时将通过经济手段激励法国民众使用新能源车辆。英国政府7月底也宣布,将从2040年起全面禁售汽油和柴油汽车,届时市场上将只允许电动汽车等环保车辆销售。此外,荷兰、挪威等国也宣布了全面禁止汽油车和柴油车生产与销售的时间表。

为摆脱对传统化石能源的依赖,并在清洁能源技术上保持领先,各国纷纷将目标瞄准新能源汽车。汽车制造大国德国在电动汽车发展领域有着明确的目标,即在2020年成为国际领先供应商、国际市场领头羊,并实现100万辆电动汽车上路。为此,德国联邦政府通过推出《电动汽车法》、发放电动汽车购车补贴、扩建充电基础设施等方式促进电动汽车普及。

尽管传统汽车业界巨头并不愿放弃已有的赚钱机器,但面对新兴的技术与市场,谁也不甘放弃引领地位,变为他人的追随者。无论是德国戴姆勒、宝马、大众,法国的标致雪铁龙还是日本的丰田、日产,均先后宣布了它们的电动汽车计划。

德国宝马决定,2019年起在英国生产纯电动Mini汽车;标致雪铁龙计划在2016至2021年间推出7款插电式混合动力汽车和4款纯电动汽车;日本丰田也计划到2020年建立并完善其纯电动汽车批量生产体系,并计划于2050年停止推出汽油车和柴油车,转为大力发展混合动力、纯电动以及燃料电池汽车。

北京新能源汽车股份有限公司新技术部部长杨宇威接受新华社记者采访时说,对于新能源汽车研发,全球不同地区有着各自的优势:在电池方面,东亚地区国家技术领先;电机方面,欧洲国家有一定优势;电控方面,美国则走在前面。

杨宇威说,欧洲虽然采取系列措施推广新能源汽车,但实际上并没有达到预期产量和保有量。相比之下,新能源汽车推广较好的是中国和美国,而美国销量较高主要与特斯拉等“明星企业”的带动作用有关。

杨宇威介绍,如今很多新能源汽车企业推出了300公里续航里程的车型,北汽今年推出了400公里续航里程的车型,后续可能推出500公里的车型。在他看来,一旦超过500公里,续航里程将不再成为电动车推广的主要制约因素,出于成本和需求考虑,汽车厂家也不会过分追求里程。

杨宇威说,除电池技术外,电机、电控、智能化、网联化以及轻量化将是电动汽车技术突破的难点所在。同时,若想普及电动汽车,充电桩等基础设施建设也有待完善。不过,他还是对电动车代替传统燃油车持积极乐观态度。

“21世纪,电动车超过传统车成为主流是大势所趋,”杨宇威说,“一方面是因为能源结构问题,传统化石燃料能否支撑到21世纪后期尚不清楚;另一方面,我们现在对智能化、网联化、娱乐化等相关需求,在电动车上更容易实现。”

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