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教师应在全民阅读中作表率

2017-09-10 09:31:38   央广网

阅读是一件关系民族未来的大事,许多国家都把推动阅读作为提升国民素质的基础性工程。党的十八大报告提出“开展全民阅读活动”,近几年的《政府工作报告》也强调大力推动全民阅读。推动全民阅读,教师是关键。因为教师加强阅读不仅可以提高自身素质,而且能带动学生阅读、调动家长阅读,从而推动全民阅读。

2014年9月9日,习近平同志在同北京师范大学师生代表座谈时指出:“做好老师,要有扎实学识。”教师肩负着开启民智、传承文明的神圣使命。唐代韩愈说:“师者,所以传道授业解惑也。”“传道”“授业”“解惑”,都要以阅读为基础。只有不断通过阅读吸取新知识、获得新感悟,教师才能给学生以新知识、新启示。与其他职业人员相比,教师阅读有着特别重要的意义,因为他们不仅是为自己,也是为受教育者而阅读。国外有教育家说过:“为了使学生获得一点知识的亮光,教师应吸进整个光的海洋。”要“吸进整个光的海洋”,就必须大量阅读。比如,教师要讲好教科书上的《〈论语〉选读》,就应通读《论语》乃至研究《论语》的代表性文献;要讲好鲁迅的作品,就不能只读选入教科书的鲁迅作品,最好能通读《鲁迅全集》并研读研究鲁迅的最新成果。陶行知说:“出世便是破蒙,进棺材才算毕业。”这实际上要求教师始终处于学习状态,站在知识发展的前沿,通过阅读等方式不断充实、拓展、提高自己。

然而,目前我国教师的阅读状况并不能令人满意。国家语言文字工作委员会重大课题“面向基础教育的阅读行动研究”课题组,曾对全国中小学教师阅读现状进行过调查,发现教师的阅读量、阅读内容、阅读时间、阅读保障等状况令人担忧。多数教师读书偏少,而且所读书籍多为教辅用书,人文社科经典著作和本学科前沿书籍阅读较少。这种状况在很大程度上束缚了一些教师的思想理念,其知识由于阅读少、得不到更新而不断老化。这样的教师,很难培养出高素质学生。

一些从事基础教育的教师对阅读的重要性认识不够,认为自己能完成教学任务即可,没必要花大量时间去阅读,只有从事高等教育的教师才有必要博览群书、学富五车。这种认识是片面的。实践证明,一名优秀的教师不仅要有胜任教学的专业知识,还要有广博的通用知识和宽阔的视野。教师应该是智慧型的,具备学习、处世、育人的智慧,能够在各个方面给学生以指导和帮助。国民素质的提高要靠教育,基础教育则是教育的起点。中小学是学生打基础最重要的阶段,也是学生世界观、人生观、价值观形成的关键时期。中小学教师通过阅读提升自身素质,对培育高素质国民具有重要意义。

在近些年的课程改革中,人们在教师问题上的一个关注点就是教师专业成长。因为大家都开始认识到,教育改革的关键在教师,而教师专业成长的关键之一便是阅读。苏联教育家苏霍姆林斯基说:“读书,读书,再读书——教师的教育素养正是取决于此。要把读书当作第一精神需要,当作饥饿者的食物。要有读书的兴趣,要喜欢博览群书,要能在书本面前坐下来,深入地思考。”唯有通过阅读,教师才能掌握新的教育理念,拓宽自己的教育视野,更新自己的教育方式,实现专业成长。而且,只有热爱阅读的教师,才能培养出热爱阅读的学生;只有热爱阅读的学生,才能改变校园面貌、家庭面貌和社会面貌。通过教师阅读,架设学校—家庭—社会的阅读桥梁,可以深入持久地推动全民阅读。

(作者为北京师范大学文学院教授)

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