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都说垃圾分类是好事,可参与度为何一直不高

2017-09-03 09:50:51   新华网

分类设施不全、不会准确分类等因素,制约着垃圾分类的推广落实

调查说明

随着经济社会发展和物质生活消费水平大幅提高,中国生活垃圾产生量迅速增长,环境隐患日益突出,已成为新型城镇化发展的制约因素。

近年来,我国大力提倡垃圾分类,今年3月,国务院办公厅发布关于转发国家发展改革委、住房城乡建设部《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》的通知。《方案》制定了生活垃圾分类制度实施的目标、垃圾分类的类别、激励机制等内容。不过,由于社区分类难、垃圾源头处理意识薄弱等诸多原因,垃圾分类的实施成效并不显著。

居民对垃圾分类了解多少?垃圾分类为何屡屡不见成效?环保意识该如何提高?管理部门又该从哪些方面入手以提高垃圾分类的普及率?解放日报社会调查中心联合KuRunData中国在线调研,进行一项名为“垃圾分类,真的这么难吗?”的调查。

调查采取在线方式,样本总数2000份,分男女两个组别,每个组别各1000份。每个组别中,依据年龄段进行划分,其中,25岁以下25%,25—35岁25%,35—45岁25%,45岁以上25%; 调查同时要求每位受访者注明自己的学历程度和目前所处状态。调查显示:对垃圾分类这件事,男性比女性、中青年比年长者、高学历比低学历、在职者比非在职人员有更多的了解。

  大多数人知晓、认可垃圾分类

《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》给出了推进我国垃圾分类的总体路线图。清华大学环境学院教授刘建国认为:《方案》是要在我国形成以法治为基础、政府推动、全民参与、城乡统筹、因地制宜的垃圾分类制度。

对于这样一个制度,普通民众有多少了解?在回答“您了解垃圾分类吗?”这个最基本的单选题时,2000名受访者中,表示“了解”的占43.4%,其中男性组选择此项者为44.8%,女性组为42.0%;表示“略知一二”的占43.1%;表示完全“不了解”的,占比为13.5%。

2000名受访者中,从接受教育程度看,高中(含中专职校)的有228人,大专学历438人,本科1183人,硕士及以上(含海归)151人。数据显示,学历越高对垃圾分类的了解度也越高,其中本科为49.1%;硕士及以上(含海归)为50.3%,两者均占半数上下,再加上“略知一二”者,占比均近9成。同时,受访者中目前为“在职”状态的有1475名,其中47.1%表示了解“垃圾分类”;而在退休人员中,表示了解的仅占17%。

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