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新闻背景:“超级显微镜”:中国散裂中子源

2017-09-01 23:05:50   中国青年网

新华社广州9月1日电(记者王攀、董瑞丰)陈和生9月1日接受采访时,回顾了激动人心的一幕:8月28日上午10时,在中国散裂中子源靶站谱仪控制室,科研人员紧张待命,作质子束流打靶前的最后准备。

随着中国散裂中子源工程总指挥兼工程经理、中国科学院院士陈和生发出指令,从加速器引出的质子束流首次打向金属钨靶。10时56分,科研人员在靶站6号和20号中子束线分别测量到从两个不同慢化器输出的中子能谱,散裂中子源顺利获得中子束流。

一次打靶成功!陈和生说,这表明中国散裂中子源的加速器和靶站设计科学合理,证明了各项设备加工制造与安装调试的高质量和高可靠性。

他说:“建成后的中国散裂中子源将在材料科学和技术、生命科学、物理、化学化工、资源环境、新能源等诸多领域具有广泛应用前景,将为我国产生高水平的科研成果提供有力支撑,并为解决国家可持续发展和国家安全战略需求的许多瓶颈问题提供先进平台。”

中子散射是研究微观世界的科学利器。中科院高能所相关专家介绍说,与核反应堆中子源相比,散裂中子源具有高脉冲通量、高能短波中子丰富、脉冲时间结构优越等特性,被称为科研领域的“超级显微镜”。

由于散裂中子源的这些独特的性能,以及国际社会对安全评估要求越来越严,一些发达国家积极利用散裂中子源进行中子散射研究。目前,英国、美国、日本等已经有多台脉冲式散裂中子源正在运行。中国散裂中子源将成为发展中国家的第一台散裂中子源,跻身世界四大脉冲散裂中子源行列,从而大幅提升中国基础研究和高技术的水平。

作为“十二五”期间我国开建的规模最大的大科学装置,中国散裂中子源的建设涉及大量先进技术。据相关专家介绍,从2006年起,项目就开展了一系列关键技术的预制研究工作,并攻克了众多技术难题。其中,加速器、靶站和谱仪工艺设备的批量生产在全国近百家合作单位完成,许多设备的研制达到国内外先进水平,设备国产化率达到96%以上。

专家说,作为“超级显微镜”,中国散裂中子源建成后,有望在物理学、化学、生命科学、材料、纳米科学、新能源等学科取得重大基础研究和应用研究成果,如测定磁性材料的复杂磁性结构、理解高温超导晶格与自旋动力学原理、理解锂离子电池充放电过程原位机制、揭示储氢材料原子分布与结构的动态等基础性前沿研究成果。

此外,利用中子散射技术,还可以揭示大型复杂工程部件和材料的内部微观结构和缺陷、化学成分分布、原位动力学过程、应力与应变分布、晶体织构,测定新型合金和复合材料的结构与性能关系,以及新型能源材料商业产品的结构与性能关系等。

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