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绿色的奇迹——鄂尔多斯从“沙进人退”变“人进沙退”

2017-09-01 20:06:08   新华网

新华社呼和浩特9月1日电  题:绿色的奇迹——鄂尔多斯从“沙进人退”变“人进沙退”

新华社记者李仁虎、任会斌

绿树青草犹如无边的绿毯,将毛乌素沙地镶嵌在蓝天白云下;穿沙公路旁绿树成荫、灌木簇拥,伸向库布其沙漠腹地……初秋,广袤的内蒙古鄂尔多斯大地一片绿海。

难以想象,这里曾风沙肆虐,是全国荒漠化最严重的地区之一。

“鄂尔多斯人尝尽了荒漠化的苦头!”鄂尔多斯市林业局局长韩玉飞说,30年前全市森林覆盖率只有3%。最多的一年竟有82次沙尘天气,黄沙漫卷,压毁庄稼,侵蚀家园,“草原明珠”一度成了风沙源。

  绿之恋——融血液入骨髓

鄂尔多斯位于干旱半干旱区,生态脆弱。“黄沙滚滚半天来,白天屋里点灯台。行人出门不见路,一半草场沙里埋。”79岁的宝日勒岱对此记忆犹新。

宝日勒岱的家乡在乌审旗乌审召镇。18岁时,看到邻居的房屋有被流沙埋没的危险,她和村民背来沙蒿种在房后,有几棵竟吐出了嫩芽。之后,她和乡亲们探索出的“穿靴戴帽”“草库伦”等治沙方法在全国推广,掀起了一股治沙发展牧业的热潮,乌审召由此被誉为“牧区大寨”。

1985年,殷玉珍嫁到毛乌素沙地南部的井背塘,新房是大半截埋入沙子的“地窨子”。风沙吼叫,一夜沙就把新娘子堵在了屋里。

“这辈子宁肯治沙累死,也不能让风沙给欺负死。”从用仅有的一只瘸腿羊换回600棵树苗起,殷玉珍和家人披星戴月打沙障、栽苗条……30多年来,钢钎磨短1尺多,终于播下近6万亩绿洲。

沙区无路、无电、无水、无讯,仿佛与世隔绝,牧民去趟镇上得走好几天……上世纪90年代,库布其沙漠不断外侵,像根绳子勒在杭锦旗数万名农牧民的脖子上。

当时,杭锦旗盐厂(1995年改制为亿利集团)距最近的火车站不足百公里,大漠阻隔,产品外运得绕道330公里。厂里的“命根子”——盐湖被沙埋了18平方公里,有被吞没之忧。

1997年,一场人与沙的战斗打响了。杭锦旗10余万干部群众和亿利集团等企业出钱出力,先后组织万人会战7次。“夹生米饭沙碜牙,帐篷睡听大风吼”,历时3年,终于修通了第一条纵贯沙漠南北、全长115公里的柏油路,并在沿途筑起绿色长廊,凝聚起闻名全国的“穿沙精神”。

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