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长白山珍稀生物屡遭“见光死” 保护者称“宁可雪藏不愿示人”

2017-09-01 10:16:26   中国青年网

“任何珍稀物种,没有栽培成功前我是不会说的,说了就灭绝了。越好的东西灭绝越快。”面对记者采访要求,长白山科学研究院副院长、植物学家黄祥童态度温和、但语气坚决:“不能因为我一句话毁了一个物种。”

长白山是我国十大名山之一,森林生态系统完整,生物种类丰富,是世界少有的“物种基因库”和“天然博物馆”。但是前些年遭遇人为破坏严重,一些珍稀物种濒临灭绝。

“比如岩高兰吧,是国家二级保护植物,原来长白山苔原带有几片,前些年兴起研究热,全国各地都来采样,做标本,没几年就采绝了。”黄祥童说。

最典型的是长白山红景天。前些年随着科研发现和宣传,野生红景天成为“抗高空缺氧的新物种”。结果大批采药人涌入长白山保护区采挖,挡都挡不住,有的甚至开汽车来拉。长白山周边的一些县市还成立了红景天饮料加工厂。后期挖没了,只好人工栽培。“但是经我们化验,人工栽培的红景天药效成分几乎是零。”

黄祥童说,最近几年,香气浓郁、有一定保健价值的崖柏又成了艺术品市场的新宠。随着“崖柏手串”升温,生长在长白山区的朝鲜崖柏也难逃噩运。长白县的朝鲜崖柏几乎被砍绝,连一些只有一米多高的小树都被砍倒车成手串。还有红豆杉,科学研究发现其提取物紫杉醇对癌症有一定疗效后,一些老百姓不懂药理,却千方百计摸进保护区寻找红豆杉,或偷偷砍树做成水杯,或者摇掉树叶泡水喝。

“没想到,科学界的每一个发现,竟然是对自然界的一种破坏。”黄祥童痛心地说。

长白山科学研究院近年来致力于极少种群恢复工作,一些实验取得了进展。在长白山科学研究院的科研基地,黄祥童指着大棚里正在茁壮生长的桑黄告诉记者,这种菌类有较高的药用价值,能治疗高血压、糖尿病,还可以缓解精神紧张、高空缺氧。

“这个不用再藏着掖着了,因为人工栽培已经取得了成功。”他说,“一个物种毁掉容易,可能就是一句话。但是恢复起来就难了,可能要几十年上百年,甚至永远无法恢复”。(记者郎秋红)

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