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香港理工大学发现兼具高抗药性和高毒力的新型超级细菌

2017-08-31 20:50:52   中国青年网

新华社香港8月31日电(记者郜婕张雅诗)香港理工大学(理大)31日宣布,其研究人员发现一种新型超级细菌,兼具高抗药性和高毒力,可能导致健康人出现难以治愈的致命感染。

理大应用生物及化学科技学系的手性科学国家重点实验室伙伴实验室与浙江大学第二附属医院教授张嵘合作,于2016年2月对浙江大学第二附属医院致命性肺炎爆发情况进行调查。

理大应用生物及化学科技学系教授陈声介绍,研究人员对浙江大学第二附属医院深切治疗部5名致命性肺炎患者的临床标本进行研究,发现导致其感染并死亡的病原菌同为一种已为人知的超级抗药细菌,名为碳青霉烯类抗性肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)。

研究人员发现,从这些患者临床标本中分离出的CRKP菌株属于在亚洲最为流行且具高传播性的ST11型。不过,不同于以往所知的CRKP通常毒性较低,这些菌株兼具高毒力,因而被视为一种新型超级细菌,命名为ST11碳青霉烯类抗性高毒性肺炎链球菌(ST11 CR-HvKP)。

通过基因比对,研究人员发现,这些菌株获得碳青霉烯酶基因编码的质粒,对被称为“抗生素最后防线”的碳青霉烯类等多种抗生素具有抗药性,可引起不可治愈或难以治疗的感染。同时,这些菌株还获得高毒力质粒,因而进一步进化,不仅可以感染肺部并引起肺炎,还可侵入血液和内脏,可能导致免疫力正常且相对健康的个体出现不可治愈和致命的感染。

陈声说,ST11 CR-HvKP菌株不仅兼具高抗药性和高毒力,还因具有粘液状外层,能够粘附在呼吸机等医疗装置表面和管道内壁,在医院环境下具有高传播性,因此可称为“真正的超级细菌”。

据他介绍,研究过程中没有发现针对这种超级细菌的有效治疗方法,但这项研究结果有助临床对严重肺炎的快速诊断,也为医院针对这种超级细菌采取有效感染防控措施提供参考。

陈声说,研究人员分析基因银行资料库中肺炎克雷伯菌基因组序列后发现,CR-HvKP在世界各地传播。这种细菌的进化原理、传播途径、治疗方法、预防措施等还有待进一步研究。理大研究人员已经与香港多家医院商讨合作,以了解本地医院临床肺炎克雷伯菌分离株属于HvKP或CR-HvKP的比例,并研究其遗传特征。

这项研究成果最近在国际权威学术期刊《柳叶刀·传染病》发表。

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