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火烧沟遗址缘何41年等不来发掘报告——关注考古发掘报告滞后积压之困
火烧沟遗址 资料图片
火烧沟遗址出土的人形彩陶罐 资料图片
高鼻深目,还带着一点“蒙娜丽莎式”的微笑,一头短发上没有任何装饰品,短上衣和长裤的穿搭虽然谈不上时尚,但双手往裤兜里一插,这范儿就出来了。脚上似乎踩了一双高桶靴子,不过参照身材,这脚也似乎有点忒大了。
这位名人,来自甘肃省玉门市,是一个高不过20厘米的人形彩陶罐,曾于1990年在北京第十一届亚运会期间展出,属于国家一级文物,现存于北京国家博物馆。虽然早在1988年就从玉门火烧沟遗址出土,但快30年过去了,它的“出生信息卡”——考古发掘报告仍“犹抱琵琶半遮面”。
考古发掘报告迟迟未到,是玉门火烧沟遗址出土文物的共同命运。如果从1976年第一次发掘算起,这一等已经是41年。
1.最具中华文明意义的 考古发现之一
1972年春天,当时玉门的清泉公社打算在公社旁修建一所中学,就在挖地基的时候,意外发现了这些古物。现年60多岁的盛金砚当时参与了那次挖掘,他回忆说:“先发现了一个坐着的人的骨架,旁边有一个大罐子,里面有一个小孩。”学生们把挖到的东西报告给当时来教书的知青杨敏,利用假期回兰州探亲的机会,杨敏把东西带到当时的甘肃省博物馆。
在这之后,就有了1976年包括甘肃省博物馆文物工作队等在内的发掘小组对火烧沟遗址长达4个月的发掘工作。一位当地的文化学者说:“后来又进行过两次抢救性发掘,一共发掘墓葬330余座,出铜器的达106座,共200件,是我国早期发现铜器且出土数量最多的一处夏代古遗址。”
北京大学考古文博学院教授李水城是国内较早研究火烧沟遗址以及其所代表的四坝文化的学者。他在学术论文《火烧沟文化研究》一文中指出,火烧沟墓地的绝对年代在夏代纪年范围内,延续年代大致在公元前2000年至前1800年。
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