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实验显示可用神经干细胞治疗脊髓损伤

2017-08-29 18:15:39   新华网

新华社北京8月29日电(记者张莹)美国科学家28日报告说,为期超过一年半的跟踪实验显示,移植到脊髓受损实验鼠体内的人类神经干细胞按照人类固有的生命周期节奏生长和成熟,移植约一年后,受伤实验鼠丧失的活动能力开始恢复。

美国加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校和圣迭戈退伍军人管理局医疗中心研究人员在新一期美国《临床检查杂志》上报告说,这项研究是为了进一步挖掘将人类神经干细胞用于治疗脊髓损伤的潜力。

该研究小组此前通过短期实验证明,植入大鼠脊髓受损部位的人类神经干细胞可以使大鼠脊柱与大脑之间重新建立联系。

一个关键问题在短期实验中无法解答:人类生命周期与大鼠差异很大,比如人类孕期约280天,大鼠孕期只有21天,那么植入大鼠体内的人类神经干细胞是遵循人类还是大鼠的生命周期节奏生长和成熟?研究人员认为,解答这个问题对将人类神经干细胞用于脊髓损伤的临床治疗至关重要。

研究人员从人类胚胎干细胞中分化出神经干细胞,再将携带绿色荧光蛋白标记物的人类神经干细胞植入有免疫缺陷的大鼠脊髓受损部位,同时观察没有植入细胞的对照组大鼠。观测结果显示,在约一年半的实验周期内,植入细胞在大鼠体内持续生长,经自然淘汰后发展成少量更成熟的细胞。

“很明显这些(植入的)人类神经干细胞遵循它们固有的成熟周期,”论文第一作者、加州大学圣迭戈分校神经科学副教授保罗·卢解释说,他们通过荧光标记物观察到,直到植入细胞发展为成熟神经元和神经胶质细胞后,受伤大鼠丧失的前肢运动机能才开始恢复。

研究人员还通过长期实验发现,植入细胞长成的胶质细胞不产生任何副作用,比如形成肿瘤或使恢复的前肢功能再次退化等。参与研究的加州大学圣迭戈分校神经科学教授马克·图申斯基认为,将来开展及评估利用神经干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的临床试验时,需关注移植后的长期效果。

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