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盼新娘喜嫁牧场(百家谈)

2017-08-29 02:20:56   新华网

地处河北省最北端的塞罕坝机械林场经过55个年头栽下了112万亩人工林海,靠三代人的坚守创造了令人惊叹的绿色奇迹。有趣的是,林场成立之初,地上林木稀疏,只有一片片尚未成才的小树林。而比邻的御道口牧场却是丰衣足食,牧场养牛放羊,那里的人一年半载就能吃肉喝奶、穿上皮袄,日子比林场的人好过得多,因此林场的姑娘们都愿意嫁到牧场去。但随着时间的推移,林场的树长高了,小树林连成了一眼望不到边的大森林,林场的人通过林木采伐、苗木培育、林下作物采摘以及生态旅游等举措,让日子越过越红火;而牧场的牛羊越养越多,草场逐年退化,收入越来越少,生产生活受到严重挑战,牧羊姑娘纷纷嫁到了林场……后来,牧场也借鉴林场的模式开始种树,十几年来不断退牧还草,控制牛羊数量,得到休养的牧场逐年修复。

御道口牧场走过的弯路折射出草原生态环境的变化。物质匮乏时草原是救命的大粮仓,发展经济时草原又成了摇钱树――人们习惯了向草原索取,“牛羊满山坡”成了最美的风景。牲畜的过度啃食导致草原植被大面积退化,长期的超载过牧和人畜草关系持续失衡,导致草原生态功能与日弱化。近年来,国家付出巨大投入,实施退牧还草、草原生态保护补助奖励等政策,使草原生态有了一定程度恢复,但草原是脆弱的生态系统,一旦破坏修复起来需要一个漫长且代价巨大的过程。

近年来为遏止草原生态退化的势头,国家将保护草原生态安全问题提到了前所未有的高度,发放草原生态保护补助奖励、禁牧休牧、生态移民、退牧还草、人工种草……多项生态修复手段齐头并进,迅速推广,并初显成效。但生态环境保护没有短平快,一切都刚刚开始,草原生态保护任重道远,刻不容缓。

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