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昆明:七夕雨后天边惊现双彩虹 网友戏称其“爱情虹”

2017-08-28 18:46:05   中国青年网

摄影:徐前

人民网昆明8月28日电 (徐前)8月28日是中国传统七夕的佳节,下午五点雨后的昆明,天边出现双彩虹,引起众多市民围观拍摄,网友更戏称七夕这天彩虹都是“成双成对”,将其称为“爱情虹”。

据云南省气象局服务首席郭荣芬介绍,彩虹是因为阳光射到空中接近圆型的小水滴,造成色散及反射而成。很多时候会见到两条彩虹同时出现,在平常的彩虹外边出现同心,但较暗的副虹(又称霓)。副虹是阳光在水滴中经两次反射而成。当阳光经过水滴时,它会被折射、反射后再折射出来。在水滴内经过一次反射的光缐,便形成我们常见的彩虹(主虹)。若光线在水滴内进行了两次反射,便会产生第二道彩虹(霓)。霓的颜色排列次序跟主虹是相反的。由于每次反射均会损失一些光能量,因此霓的光亮度亦较弱。两次反射最强烈的反射角出现在50°至53°,所以副虹位置在主虹之外。因为有两次的反射,副虹的颜色次序跟主虹反转,外侧为蓝色,内侧为红色。副虹其实一定跟随主虹存在,只是因为它的光线强度较低,所以有时不被肉眼察觉而已。

据介绍,其实只要空气中有水滴,而阳光正在观察者的背后以低角度照射,便可能产生可以观察到的彩虹现象。彩虹最常在下午,雨后刚转天晴时出现。这时空气内尘埃少而充满小水滴,天空的一边因为仍有雨云而较暗。而观察者头上或背后已没有云的遮挡而可见阳光,这样彩虹便会较容易被看到。另一个经常可见到彩虹的地方是瀑布附近。在晴朗的天气下背对阳光在空中洒水或喷洒水雾,亦可以人工制造彩虹。

空气里水滴的大小,决定了彩虹的色彩鲜艳程度和宽窄。空气中的水滴大,虹就鲜艳,也比较窄;反之,水滴小,虹色就淡,也比较宽。我们面对着太阳是看不到彩虹的,只有背着太阳才能看到彩虹,所以早晨的彩虹出现在西方,黄昏的彩虹总在东方出现。

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