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体育观察:电子竞技能否进入全运会?

2017-08-27 16:00:44   新华网

新华社天津8月27日电 体育观察:电子竞技能否进入全运会

新华社记者张逸飞 林德韧

将竞技体育与全民健身融合,是天津全运会的一项重大改革举措。按照群众喜闻乐见,参与度高,覆盖面广的基本要求,本届全运会选择了攀岩、轮滑、太极拳、笼式足球等项目作为群众比赛项目。这一举措在为百姓参与全运提供舞台的同时,也让全运会获得了更多的社会关注,取得了不错的社会影响。

近一段时间,某款号称超过2亿注册用户的电子竞技游戏引发了一阵又一阵的舆论关注,并引发了不少批评。但是,抛开单个游戏而言,一个竞技项目——电子竞技在十余年前就已被国家体育总局列为体育竞赛项目,而按照“群众喜闻乐见,参与度高,覆盖面广”的标准,它们能否进入全运会?电子竞技若进入全运会,其中有哪些合理之处?又面临着哪些现实问题?

“推动项目发展”一直是全运会的功能之一。自1959年创办起,全运会就担负着引领项目发展的龙头角色,本届全运会增设群众比赛项目,也是构建“大体育”格局的新尝试。全运会设立群众项目,让更多的草根选手和民间高手在全运会赛场上展现风采,是推动全民健身国家战略落实的重要举措,体现了各方面对于群众体育重视程度的提高。

能够在全运会设项的项目,往往都拥有着广泛的群众基础。以首次进入全运会的三人篮球项目为例,虽然该项目成为东京奥运会正式比赛项目是很重要的一个背景,但其广泛的群众基础同样是其得以进入全运会的重要原因。由于受场地,人员等因素的限制较少,三人篮球在学生群体和街头篮球爱好者中广受欢迎。本届全运会三人篮球项目决赛阶段比赛共有64支队伍参加,就是该项目普及程度的一个侧面体现。

与三人篮球相同,近年来电子竞技在青年人群体中聚集了非常高的人气。一款人气游戏往往能吸引数千万甚至更多的用户。

电子竞技进入综合性运动会并非没有先例。在2014南京青奥会上,奥组委就曾与某公司达成合作,将4个电子竞技项目列为青奥赛的比赛项目。而在今年4月份,亚洲奥林匹克理事会也宣布,电子竞技项目将在2022年杭州亚运会成为亚运会正式比赛项目。

不过,将电子竞技纳入传统运动会也存在许多争议。首先,电子竞技以电子游戏为依托,游戏本身的平衡性对比赛结果将产生巨大影响,这导致很多电子竞技项目在规则上很难达到真正的公平。此外电子游戏生命周期短也是其区别于传统体育项目的一大特点,有些游戏甚至连一个运动会周期都撑不过。与此同时,游戏公司在电子竞技项目中扮演着非常重要的角色,这是电子竞技与足球,篮球等体育项目最大的区别之一。

放眼世界,国际奥委会对于奥运会设项也开拓了诸多新思路。2016年8月,国际奥委会全会表决通过,滑板、冲浪、攀岩、棒垒球和空手道等5个大项进入2020年东京奥运会。国际奥委会在公报中说,这个决定是现代奥运史上“一次最全面的革新”。

“我们要把体育运动推向年轻人。”国际奥委会主席巴赫说,“现在的年轻人有太多选择,我们不能再期望他们自动找上门来,而应该主动地去贴近他们。”

对于全运会来说,如何针对青少年群体设立更具吸引力的项目,是非常重要的课题。当然,电子竞技项目是否适合在这个舞台上进行展示,必须在进行更细致的研究和更全面的考虑之后才能得出一个合理的答案。

让体育改革的内涵不断丰富,引领体育价值在社会层面实现准确定位和全面展示,让体育的福祉普惠全民是全运会改革的重要意义。在项目设置上对全国体育资源进行调节和配置也是全运会的作用之一。在本届全运会上,群众项目和一些新增项目让我们看到了体育改革的诚意和新意。希望这只是一个开始,惊喜或许还在路上。

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