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营造宽松的创业创新环境——解读《无证无照经营查处办法》

2017-08-23 21:41:30   新华网

新华社北京8月23日电 题:营造宽松的创业创新环境——解读《无证无照经营查处办法》

新华社记者赵文君

国务院日前发布《无证无照经营查处办法》,自2017年10月1日起施行。办法共十九条,主要调整了无证无照经营的查处范围,明确了部门监管职责。专家表示,这是转变监管理念、加强事中事后监管的重要举措,有利于提高监管效率,促进创业创新。

  体现了政府对基层百姓“谋生性营业”的宽容

北京工商大学法学院教授吕来明说,办法为适应深化商事制度改革以及营造宽松的创业创新环境的需求,在监管体制、措施以及处罚尺度方面做出了较大的变革。

中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授赵旭东说,办法对无证无照经营行为做了合理的区分。明确界定了某些不受查处的无证无照经营行为,这些特殊的经营行为不再要求经营者办理工商登记,虽然没有营业执照,但属于合法经营,不受查处。

赵旭东举例说,无需办理营业执照的经营行为,有通常所称的“早市”“晚市”的经营行为。办法授权县、市级地方人民政府根据各地的具体需要、条件和情况来指定这种经营场地和特定时间。

“这一规定既充分地反映了适当放宽市场管制、合理利用城乡公共空间、满足城乡居民日常生活便利和小额经营活动需求的改革方向和立法目的,也完全符合商事法律制度的基本原理和要求。”赵旭东说。

北京大学法学院教授蒋大兴说,办法放宽了对创新营业行为及民生性营业行为的法律控制,体现了政府对基层百姓“谋生性营业”的宽容,同时,也为其他法律、行政法规对创新营业的试验性规制留下空间。

  对无照经营行为实行处罚有度理念

吕来明说,办法体现了对无照经营行为实行处罚有度理念,使得无照经营者在取得营业执照后仍有一定的物质条件从事合法经营活动。

蒋大兴说,办法规定,查处部门将无证无照经营记入信用纪录,并依法公示相关信息等。这些新的监管方法,体现了监管部门对执法的目的、手段、功能有了更清晰的认识,改革了此前问题突出的“罚款行政”、“暴力执法”、“简单执法”,对尊重执法对象,柔和社会矛盾,形成互信互谅的新型“政府-市场”关系具有十分重要的作用。

办法对无照经营行为仅规定可采取“查封、扣押”其经营设备及工具的行政强制措施,不再规定可采取“没收工具”的法律责任,减少了执法者和违法者之间的冲突。

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