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我国首个国家公园体制试点获突破 三江源探索适度特许经营

2017-08-23 16:32:38   新华网

新华社西宁8月23日电(记者王宏伟、王大千)记者从青海省政府获悉,已实施一周年的三江源国家公园体制试点取得多项进展,在执行最严格生态保护标准的同时,相关部门探索适度特许经营等配套办法,引导牧民在保护中受益。

位于青海省南部的三江源地区被称为“中华水塔”,因具有亚洲重要水源涵养地及生态安全屏障等功能,近20年来,这里实施禁牧减畜工程,近10万牧民搬离草原转产转业,减少人类活动对当地生态环境的影响。

2016年4月,我国首个国家公园体制试点在三江源地区实施,园区总面积12.31万平方公里,划分为长江、黄河、澜沧江三个分园区推进大部门制改革,涉及玉树藏族自治州和果洛藏族自治州4个县。

“以雪豹为主题的全域化自然体验基地建成,吸收牧民参与环保体验和教育服务工作,实现订单式管理,已接待了10个体验团,每个团为每户牧民带来2000元至8000元的收益。”玉树藏族自治州杂多县委书记才旦周说。

才旦周介绍,有序适度特许经营建立在大部门制改革的基础上,集中有效管理更有利于实现保护和受益的“双赢”目标,体现了园区牧民从单一生态看护向生产生活良性循环的转变。

一年来,杂多县相关职能部门由20个“瘦身”至15个,并组建澜沧江园区管委会,统筹自然资源管理与综合执法,实行集中有效统一管理。不仅如此,其余三县也在完善生态保护机制和创建社会参与机制方面取得突破。目前,三江源地区共有9975名生态管护员持证上岗,组建了乡镇管护站、村级管护队和管护小分队,构建远距离“点成线、网成面”的管护体系。同时,玉树市人民法院设立三江源生态法庭,为生态环保提供司法保障,三江源国家公园森林公安局多次开展专项行动,已查处各类违法犯罪案件29起。

破旧立新,三江源国家公园还探索建立人兽冲突补偿机制。一年来,通过开展旗舰物种雪豹等野生动物保护和防熊电围栏试点,组建人熊冲突村民管理委员会避免报复性猎杀行为。同时筹建“人兽冲突保险基金”,配套野生动物伤害补偿议事机制,促进人与自然和谐发展。

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