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新疆“沙尘源”艾比湖重现波光粼粼
2017-08-23 11:33:59 中国青年网
新华社乌鲁木齐8月23日电(记者刘兵)经过两年时间的生态环境治理,曾是我国沙尘暴发源地之一的新疆艾比湖目前已从湖面极度萎缩,恢复至水域面积达800余平方公里。丰富的水资源补给也使周边湿地重现勃勃生机,成为迁徙鸟类和艾比湖马鹿等珍稀野生动物的天堂。
据新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州人民政府介绍,长期以来,随着艾比湖周边人口、经济和社会发展用水量的增加,流入艾比湖湖区的水量持续减少,湖面逐步萎缩,到2015年已缩减至362平方公里,仅为2003年的45%。为加紧保护和恢复艾比湖生态环境,2015年以来,博州对艾比湖流域用水加强统一管理,建设了大型水库为艾比湖补水增水,还实施了节水灌溉、退沙还草、退耕还林等工程。
今年,博州还启动了包括划定地下水禁采区和限采区、划定畜禽禁养区、垃圾收集与无害化处理、推广农作物节水抗旱技术、加强环境网格化监管等措施的艾比湖流域生态环境综合整治重点工作。
为促进艾比湖生态环境可持续发展,自2016年起,国家及新疆维吾尔自治区斥资3.5亿元,在艾比湖流域建设污水处理厂、河道水环境治理工程等水污染防治工程,今年又投入6.7亿元,支持艾比湖流域城镇污水处理项目、生活垃圾处理项目建设,增强流域水环境综合承载力。
根据博州水文部门监测,截至今年7月,艾比湖湖面已恢复至805平方公里,为2015年湖面面积的2.2倍,达到2003年水平。
艾比湖湿地国家自然保护区管理局局长青剑林表示,目前艾比湖周边湿地面积已恢复到2.7万亩,胡杨重新焕发生机,湿地重现水草丰茂、百鸟翔集的景致。在艾比湖湿地栖息的鸟类种类已增至261种,比2012年增加28种,北极鸟类短尾贼鸥首次出现在艾比湖,数量不足100头的艾比湖马鹿也重现身影。
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