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像搭积木一样造房,带来多少绿色效益?——上海扩大装配式建筑应用调查

2017-08-21 16:35:31   新华网

新华社上海8月21日电 题:像搭积木一样造房,带来多少绿色效益?——上海扩大装配式建筑应用调查

新华社记者 陆文军、王辰阳

建筑能耗已成为我国三大能耗之一,约占总能耗的30%,传统建筑作业方式已无法适应“绿色中国”的发展需求。上海以发展绿色建筑为落脚点,推广装配式建筑,率先实践“像搭积木一样造房”的建筑理念。

装配式建筑,是将建筑的部分或全部构件在工厂预制完成,运输到施工现场,通过可靠的连接方式组装而成,被称为“像造汽车一样造房子”。

“推进装配式建筑是加快生态文明建设、推动先进制造业发展、建成绿色宜居城市的重点工作,实践证明,这样做不但能提升建筑质量,而且节地、节材、降耗减排等绿色效益明显。”上海市住建委主任顾金山说。

顾金山说,2014年至2016年,上海装配式建筑落实量连续3年翻番,已超过3000万平方米。装配式产业链快速发展,预制构件设计产能已达到1500万平方米,可以满足上海在建项目需求。

装配式建筑方式不仅提高施工效率,提升建筑质量,还大幅降低施工作业空间要求,可以减少80%现场施工劳动力,减少现场湿作业量,避免现场粉尘、泥浆等的污染,实现绿色施工。

上海是国内最早探索装配式建筑的地区,2007年,上海万科新里程成为国内首批产业化住宅试点工程。“装配式建筑是全球建筑的趋势,虽然短期成本有所上升,但建筑全生命周期将产生很大绿色效益。上海先进的城市管理理念有利于装配式建筑的推广。”万科集团高级副总裁、上海区域本部首席执行官张海说。

规模化探索促进装配式建筑技术持续创新。位于浦东的周康航居住社区示范项目包括总面积达6万平方米的6栋高层住宅,完全不用脚手架,成为国内首个采用螺栓连接系统的装配式剪力墙高层住宅。作为最具规模的示范项目之一,装配式建筑的集约化优势更加显现。

建造该项目的上海建工集团总裁卞家骏说,这一示范项目蕴含大量科研成果,无脚手架施工节地、节材,大幅减少人力和周期,还解决了保温材料易剥离脱落、保温失效、房屋渗水等国内建筑领域通病,为上海制定新标准提供了参考。上海建工在全国已完成和在建的装配式建筑达400万平方米。

上海还在市政道路桥梁建设中推广装配式建筑。2016年6月,上海迪士尼旅游度假区建成开放,为舒缓交通,上海S3公路项目开工,计划在6个月内完成一座高架桥的建设,装配式建筑方式就发挥了巨大作用。承建该项目的中铁上海工程局党委书记梁永兴说:“如果采用传统现浇工艺,完成1片盖梁现浇,需要至少20天,而通过装配拼装工艺,1天就可以完成4片盖梁的架设,最终仅用5个月,该项目就实现了建成通车。质量高了,污染少了,时间省了,能耗降了。”

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