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地大(武汉)一项目获评国土资源部科研专项十大优秀成果

2017-08-16 10:25:02   中国青年网

人民网武汉8月16日电 近日从国土资源部获悉,由中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院严春杰教授作为项目负责人承担的国土资源公益性行业科研专项项目《离子交换技术在稀土选冶废液中的应用研究》,获国土资源公益性行业科研专项2017年度十大优秀成果。

严春杰教授主持的这一科研项目经费为851万元。围绕该科研项目,从2013年起开始努力攻关,目前取得丰硕成果:研制出技术装备1套,建成了稀土冶炼氨皂工艺废液处理示范工程;申报国际发明专利1项,已授权中国发明专利12项;发表学术论文65篇,其中SCI论文59篇;出版著作《稀土生产废水处理技术》1部;制作科普片1部;培养青年技术骨干10人、研究生30人。

稀土,是极其重要的战略资源,广泛用于电子、激光、核工业、超导等诸多高科技领域。而离子型稀土矿,是我国特有的矿产,主要分布于南方地区。在稀土原地浸矿开采过程中,大量高浓度氨氮废液直接排放,对矿区周边流域地下水和下游地表水的水质造成重大影响。同时,在稀土冶炼分离过程中,现有的钠皂工艺使环烷酸失活、有机相水解,产品纯度无法提升,腐蚀灼烧设备。如何高效合理地回收稀土选冶废液中的稀土资源并实现氨氮污染物的达标排放,避免生态环境破坏,是稀土选冶行业亟待解决的技术问题。

严春杰教授指出,《离子交换技术在稀土选冶废液中的应用研究》这一项目,正是针对现实需求,完善稀土选冶废液处理的理论方法和技术体系,构建起“材料制备、工艺设计与综合评价、装备制造、应用示范”研究格局。项目的研究成果,在我国稀土行业稀土矿山清洁开采及冶炼分离绿色开发、铼的高效利用等工作中具有广阔的应用前景。项目技术可使每吨冶炼原矿增收24千克稀土氧化物,提高稀土回收率2.6 %,节省氨水采购费用1800元/吨矿,经济效益显著。同时,该项目于2016年在广东省德庆县建成了稀土冶炼氨皂工艺废液处理示范工程,实现了稀土回收及氨氮达标排放,为稀土行业清洁生产和节能减排提供了新方法。此外,项目形成的技术体系对我国稀土开采方式的转变、矿山土壤的修复、冶炼分离的生产工艺变革、资源利用方式、废液处理工艺升级起到十分有力的支撑作用,缓解了稀土行业资源开发与生态保护之间的矛盾。

该项目经过专家评审,具有三方面的科学创新:首先是利用紫外光引发和原子转移自由基聚合技术,实现了在矿物基材、树脂基及生物质基材上的高效接枝改性,制备新型离子交换材料,突破了在不同基材表面接枝稀土回收功能基团的关键技术;其次是提出了稀土选冶废液中氨氮达标排放及资源化综合利用新工艺及新技术,将膜分离及制氨技术的有机结合,促进了传统蒸氨排放工艺向氨水循环利用的转换,实现了选冶废液的资源回收及氨氮达标排放技术方法的创新;再次是开发了弱碱性阴离子交换树脂直接从淋洗液高效吸附铼技术,解决了目前火法钼冶炼淋洗液中铼回收工艺存在的富集比和吸附率低、解吸附困难、树脂循环性能差等技术难题。

《离子交换技术在稀土选冶废液中的应用研究》由中国地质大学(武汉)作为承担单位,中科院郑州矿产综合利用研究所、中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所、华中师范大学、德庆兴邦稀土新材料有限公司作为协作单位。

据悉,公益性行业科研专项是财政部、科技部为贯彻落实《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)》,于2006年新设立的中央财政专项。国土资源公益性行业科研专项研究任务,以“尽职尽责保护国土资源,节约集约利用国土资源,尽心尽力维护群众权益”为目标和宗旨,围绕国家和行业科技规划的重点领域和优先主题,解决面临的科技问题,推动研究成果在工作中的实际应用。(陈华文 周森)

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