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干旱频发将使生态系统长期无法复原
2017-08-13 10:57:02 中国青年网
新华社北京8月13日电 美国一项新研究说,今后全球干旱事件会更加频繁,有些地方的生态系统在一次干旱后还没复原就又遭遇干旱,这可能成为21世纪的新常态,可能导致树木大面积死亡,对生态造成永久损害。
遭受干旱影响后,生态系统恢复到之前的状态所需时间长短,是衡量干旱严重程度的关键指标之一。此前人们主要关注降雨和水资源收支,对影响受旱后复原时间的其他因素缺乏了解。
美国亚利桑那北部大学等多家机构研究人员组成的团队,分析了全球范围内影响受旱后复原时间的各种因素,发现最大影响因素是降水和温度,还包括生物多样性等。
研究人员在新一期英国《自然》杂志上报告说,在20世纪,干旱对全球的影响日趋严重,不仅受旱生态系统的面积扩大,所需复原时间也越来越长。热带和北半球高纬度地区的复原时间最长,尤其是亚马孙河流域和印度尼西亚,以及美国阿拉斯加和俄罗斯远东地区。
研究人员分析认为,21世纪全球气温将继续上升,干旱事件的次数和严重程度都会增加。这表明干旱导致一些地方生态系统来不及完全恢复的情况将可能成为常态。
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