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第一次对外海上作战:1974年西沙海战

2017-08-12 18:32:14   新华网

新华社北京8月12日电 题:第一次对外海上作战:1974年西沙海战

新华社记者梅世雄、解放军报记者张磊峰

爆发于43年前的西沙海战,是我军海战史上的第一次对外海上作战,也是近代以来中华民族海军史上首次对外战争的完胜。

军事科学院研究员郜耿豪说,这场海战,解放军以小艇打败大舰,以劣势装备打败优势装备之敌。

西沙群岛位于海南岛东南约330公里处,由宣德、永乐两个群岛和其他岛礁组成,是亚洲东北部通往东南亚的必经之路,战略地位十分重要。早在汉武帝时期,中国人就开发了西沙群岛。1951年8月15日,中华人民共和国政务院总理兼外交部长周恩来声明:西沙群岛一向是中国的领土。

1956年5月,南越当局提出对西沙和南沙群岛的主权要求并派军队非法侵占。1973年11月,南越军队在西沙海域野蛮撞毁中国的捕鱼船,抓捕中国渔民。

1974年元旦刚过,当时的南海舰队司令员张元培召开了紧急战备防务会议,要求大家要有打大仗的准备。同时,张元培上报中央,南越军舰又在我西沙永乐海域频繁活动。

接到上级命令,南海舰队立即派出舰艇,驶往西沙永乐群岛海域进行巡逻,同时命令海南军区派出民兵,随海军舰艇进驻西沙永乐群岛的晋卿、琛航、广金三岛。

1974年1月15日、16日,南越当局派出“李常杰”号和“陈庆瑜”号军舰侵入我西沙永乐群岛海域,向甘泉岛开炮,打死打伤中国渔民和民兵多人,相继占领了金银岛、甘泉岛。

南海舰队榆林基地副司令员魏鸣森率领271、274号猎潜艇对阵南越的两艘舰。猎潜艇与军舰相比,无论是火力装置还是排水量,都相差甚远。

就在此时,南越总统阮文绍下达了作战命令。

我方明白,仅靠两艘猎潜艇巡逻的力度肯定不够。1月16日,我海军389、396号扫雷舰出航。

19日上午,南越海军4艘军舰同时向我271和396编队开炮。几乎同时,396舰的火炮果断击发。

271编队主攻“陈庆瑜”舰,在“贴身战”战术的指导下,我方用火炮速射敌舰甲板,敌舰受到摧毁性攻击,最后仓皇而逃。

激战中,389舰受到敌“李常杰”舰和“怒涛”舰的集中攻击。

危急时刻,我281舰艇编队抄近道赶来增援。

281编队有281和282两艘新型猎潜艇。两艇对“怒涛”舰进行了三次冲击。在不到20分钟的时间里,共发射1700多发炮弹。最终,“怒涛”舰完全沉没。

就这样,中国海军在装备处于劣势的情况下,采取灵活的战术,击沉南越军舰1艘,击伤3艘,毙、伤敌数百人,创造了以小舰打大舰的成功战例。

20日,我登陆作战部队和民兵按既定的计划发起了收复三岛的登陆战。面对勇猛顽强的中国军队的攻击,南越军队难以抵抗。

随着五星红旗再次插上甘泉、珊瑚、金银三岛的最高处,西沙诸岛全部回归祖国怀抱。

在这场海战中,我海军也付出沉重代价--18名官兵英勇牺牲,67名参战人员受伤,389号扫雷舰、274号猎潜艇损伤严重。

“西沙海战虽然规模不大,但意义重大。”郜耿豪说,这一战使我国从此牢牢控制了永乐群岛核心区永乐环礁,为后来控制西沙边缘岛礁及控制中沙群岛、进军南沙群岛奠定了重要基础。

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