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东北大学学生研发出正向爬楼梯轮椅

2017-08-11 13:24:23   央广网

央广网沈阳8月11日消息(记者徐志强通讯员 张广宏)“坐在轮椅上,无需任何人帮助,就能在一级级楼梯间轻松自如地爬上爬下……”这不再是被禁锢在轮椅上的残障人士的梦想,而是即将到来的一种现实生活。东北大学机械工程与自动化学院2014级学生研发的新一代欠驱动自适应式爬楼梯轮椅,能够帮助轮椅上的残障人士正向自主上下楼梯,顺利地跨越生活中曾经难以逾越的天堑。

目前,市场上投入使用的轮椅,在爬楼梯过程中不能正向上下楼梯,需要倒退上楼,使用起来有诸多不便,有的甚至还需要他人辅助。不仅如此,而且轮椅价格昂贵。解决这些问题,研发出能够正向自主上下楼梯的轮椅,帮助残障人士自主生活,成为东北大学机械学院一群年轻人追求的梦想。

东北大学爬楼梯轮椅结构优化设计与平稳下楼梯关键技术研究项目组,从测量各种楼梯的宽度做起,一步一步地开始研发欠驱动自适应式爬楼梯轮椅。他们在大成教学馆、何世礼教学馆和主楼等场馆,拿着皮尺心无旁骛地测量不同楼梯的宽度,精心记录测量的每一个数据。

有了第一手的数据,项目组成员开始对轮椅上下楼梯的完整过程进行仿真模拟,寻找适应性更强的解决方案。

轮椅爬楼梯过程的稳定性,是坐轮椅残障人士的第一要求,也是项目组成员必须突破的难题。项目组在分析当前人们常用的轮椅时发现,一般爬楼梯轮椅都是通过斜坡或者特定装置,如木板等来保证稳定性,但经常会出现一些小问题,无法保证爬楼过程的稳定性。项目组在国内外首创了利用后支架结构的变形来使轮椅满足正向上下楼梯的要求,经过反复测试,稳定性非常高。负责人黄伟康自信地说:“后支架结构的优势就在于它无需任何特殊装置或者操作,就能够自己适应不同的路况和台阶,而且平稳性和安全性都有技术保障。”

突破了稳定性的难关,如何提高载重量,又成为轮椅能否推广应用的关键难题。“传统履带占地面积大,要求的电机大、耗电快;而不合适的行星轮系的轴心距会导致轮椅在上下楼梯时的波动大,平稳性不良。”黄伟康介绍说,“在两年的研究实践中,我们将两者结合起来,达到了一加一大于二的效果。在后支架做了一个履带式的从动结构,减少了动力源,将履带和行星轮系结合到一起,在下楼梯的时候能够起到辅助平衡的作用,还能延长轮椅的寿命,提高载重量。”

从开题到结题,项目组先后开发了四代轮椅。通过对后支架从动机构的重新设计和在实践中不断完善更新,项目组最终完成了欠驱动自适应轮系的重心调整系统,使原有的多姿态智能型自适应式爬楼梯轮椅能够更好地完成下楼梯的动作,而且过程更加稳定,安全性更高。与此同时,轮椅自身的重量降到九十公斤,载重量却提高到一百六十斤,扩大了轮椅的适用人群。

欠驱动自适应式爬楼梯轮椅强大的功能,让项目组成员对未来的推广应用充满信心。黄伟康自信地表示,“创造改变生活,这款轮椅投入使用后,将为无数坐在轮椅的残障人士带来更多的方便,切实帮助他们克服环境和人生的阻碍。”

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