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水产生食都有安全隐患,福寿螺更难烧熟煮透

2017-08-11 12:20:11   中国青年网

网友蜜月期间吃福寿螺导致寄生虫入侵大脑,无奈人流

水产生食都有安全隐患,福寿螺更难烧熟煮透

这两天豆瓣上的一个帖子火了:某网友今年二月底蜜月旅行,误食福寿螺,导致寄生虫入侵脑部。已经怀孕的她做了六次腰部穿刺,挂了近300吊瓶,吃了十几盒打虫药,更因为药物和激素作用导致身体变形,不得不进行药物人流……

福寿螺的“黑案底”

很多网友一脸惊诧,同时也感到十分恐惧:我也吃过福寿螺,会不会也有危险?其实吃福寿螺感染寄生虫并不是什么罕见的新闻。

簋街是北京饮食流行的风向标,2000年前后,有三种东西火了起来,香辣蟹、小龙虾、福寿螺,很快整个京城都开始吃。

2006年底,北京出现了一次广州管圆线虫感染事件,数十人中招,有的人也是大脑受损。罪魁祸首就是福寿螺,出事的那家餐馆叫蜀国演义。

由于发病于吃福寿螺后1~2个月,不少消费者发票、收据等凭证丢失,最终没有得到应有的补偿。

福寿螺更难煮熟

事实上,淡水水产携带寄生虫并不稀奇,福寿螺携带寄生虫也很正常。在自然状态下,蛙、螺、鱼、虾是寄生虫常见的中间宿主,比如大家最熟悉的钉螺和血吸虫的关系。

但造成寄生虫病的关键并不是福寿螺,而是加工方式,主要就是生食或半生食。比如广东、广西最常见的寄生虫病,肝吸虫病就是吃淡水鱼生造成的。

其实寄生虫的生命力是很有限的,怕冷,更怕热,只要充分加热,没有杀不死的寄生虫,包括虫卵。在世界卫生组织推荐的“食品安全五要点”中,有一条就是烧熟煮透,这里是指食物中心温度达到70度。在这个温度下,蛋白质会变性、凝固,寄生虫自然会死掉。

当然,福寿螺特殊的结构可能使它变得更危险。一方面螺壳坚硬、厚实,螺口有硬的角质盖子,因此汤汁很难进入螺肉。螺内的螺旋形构造又像迷宫一样,不利于热量的传导。福寿螺的个头本来也比较大,更不太容易烧透。因此福寿螺不是完全不能吃,但在吃之前要多烧一会儿。但由于福寿螺的肉质比较老,如果煮的时间太长,可能嚼起来都费劲,这也造成不少餐馆更倾向于少烧一会儿,容易为了口感而忽略安全。

除了烧熟煮透,生熟分开也是十分重要的,生熟食物共用刀具、案板、容器,都有可能让寄生虫污染凉菜或熟食。

入侵物种别乱放生

尽管把寄生虫病都赖在福寿螺身上不公平,但它确实不是个好东西。上世纪80年代左右,人们把福寿螺从南美引进,开始是想作为水产养殖,同时也可以作为其他水产的饲料。

没想到它的繁殖力太强,且缺乏天敌,结果泛滥成灾,在稻田里面吃稻子的根茎,造成减产。它对生态的破坏也很大,因为本土的一些螺类竞争不过它,它成了不折不扣的危险入侵物种。

当然,还有一些闲的没事的所谓“爱心人士”,把它当做放生动物,播撒到祖国大江南北,连杭州西湖、大理洱海都被它占领了。

福寿螺的卵看起来粉嘟嘟的,一眼望去,简直要犯密集恐惧症,但更恐怖的是,由于其繁殖能力实在太强,无论你做出多少努力去消灭它,都是徒劳的……(特约撰稿钟凯 钟凯:食品安全博士,食品与营养信息交流中心副主任,开设公众号“饮食参考”,专注食品安全知识科普,是一位优秀的“知识搬运工”。)

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