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台湾学者新发现“颠覆”既有记忆形成学
2017-08-11 00:03:57 中国青年网
新华社台北8月10日电(记者齐湘辉 何自力)台湾长庚大学副教授吴嘉霖团队研究发现,果蝇短、长期记忆的形成由两套截然不同的机制控制。这一发现刊登在国际期刊《自然》上,颠覆了以往科学界对于记忆形成的认知。
吴嘉霖10日在长庚大学受访时表示,人类如何将学习的经验转为记忆储存,一直都是科学界想解开的谜。过去研究认为,大脑学习新经验后会以短期记忆形式存在于大脑内,随着时间的推进,短期记忆会慢慢转变为长期记忆并储存。但吴嘉霖团队以创新实验方式获得不同于过去研究的结果。
据悉,该团队以与人类基因相似度达60%、且脑中神经回路负责控制各种与哺乳类动物相似生物行为的果蝇为对象,进行研究后发现,短、长期记忆是同时且独立被写入不同脑区,根据时间长短不同,提取不同脑区记忆资讯。短期记忆与长期记忆的形成,其实是由两套截然不同的大脑神经回路与分子机制所控制,这意味着长期记忆并非由短期记忆转化而来。
团队成员、林口长庚医院脑神经内科主任吴禹利医师表示,这项研究成果虽然与现在主流观点迥异,却能合理解释老年失智的临床病征,像是病患往往只丧失短期记忆,但长期记忆却不受影响。这很可能是因为大脑一开始在处理两种记忆资讯时,就是完全独立且彼此不相互影响的结果。
吴嘉霖表示,团队未来会持续致力于探索记忆形成的机制,期盼于不久的将来,能对老年失智的预防与治疗提供新方案。
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