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专家曾发文划定九寨沟高震级风险:这不是地震预报

2017-08-10 09:14:20   中国青年网

8月9日下午,国家地震安全性评定委员会副主任、中国地震局地质研究所研究员、副所长徐锡伟告诉澎湃新闻,他正和同事在前往九寨沟地震现场的路上。他认为,这次地震不会对九寨沟的自然景观造成巨大破坏。

他解释原因说,九寨沟秀丽的景色,本身就是大地震等构造运动的产物。此前的大地震等构造运动,造成的岩石崩塌、河流堵塞,形成了五颜六色的海子等自然景观。

今年4月份,徐锡伟等人发表论文《中国大陆高震级地震危险区判定的地震地质学标志及其应用》,在青藏高原划分出了15个高震级地震危险区。其中包括涵盖若尔盖与九寨沟等地的“玛沁-玛曲危险区”。在论文中,他们预测该段断裂区域未来6.5级以上地震发震概率相对较高。

但徐锡伟告诉澎湃新闻,虽然划定了危险区域,也提到了九寨沟的高震级风险,但他不认为这是预报,“我们仍然不知道什么时候会有地震”。

徐锡伟说,通俗意义上,人们常说的地震预报,是短临预报,是在地震发生前几小时到一两个月之间,准确预测某个地点,会发生多大震级的地震。但目前科研人员还做不到这样的预报。

块体的相对运动导致了地震的发生。人们通过GPS监测、大地水准监测等方法,可以监测到块体的运动。但即使有了这样的数据,科研人员目前仍不能预报地震。

徐锡伟说,“因为我们对地震的机理了解得太少太少了,地震什么时候发生,什么条件下发生,我们理解得还不够。”

徐锡伟表示,目前可以初步确定,巴颜喀拉块体的东北边界的活动断层的“走滑”运动,造成了九寨沟地震,汶川地震发生在巴颜喀拉块体的东南边界,两次地震共同反映了巴颜喀拉块体的整体运动状态。但两次地震发生在不同的地震带上。

四川省境内密集分布着多条地震带。徐锡伟说,这里位于青藏高原的东侧边界,构造活动强烈,因此地震频发。但对于一个具体的地点来说,地震是一个小概率事件,几百年甚至上千年才有一次。比如汶川地震相关区域,到现在为止没有再次发生过大的地震。

对于祖祖辈辈生活在这里的居民,徐锡伟提醒,要想减轻地震等地质灾害带来的损失,第一步是将活动断层的准确位置确定出来;然后在选址建房时,避开这些断层,尤其不能跨断层建造房子,而应尽可能远离这些断层;最后还要把房子建得结实些,抗震性能更好一些。

他说,根据美国和日本的经验,如果房屋抗震性能良好,即便大地震来袭,房子虽遭到震动破坏,但倒塌的概率仍然很小,因此人员伤亡也会很小。

此外,他提到山上滚落巨石的风险。

他提醒,村落选址时应尽可能选择开阔地带,远离山体,放弃陡峭的沟谷,以免一场大雨,一点点震动,就山体滑坡,石头滚落,造成灾害。

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