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慢阻肺成我国居民第三位主要死因 杀伤力巨大但知晓率极低
2017-08-05 15:03:40 中国青年网
人民网哈尔滨8月5日电 在我国公民四大慢性病中,心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤以及糖尿病和代谢性疾病可谓“大名鼎鼎”,但慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)却鲜有提及。最新流行病学调查数据显示,我国40岁及以上人群慢阻肺患病率为13.7%。世卫组织数据显示,我国慢阻肺死亡率居全球之首,成为居民第三位主要死因。
据哈医大二院呼吸内科主任吴晓梅教授介绍,黑龙江省地处北方高寒地区,且吸烟人较多,民众保健意识相对薄弱,这些情况都决定了黑龙江省呼吸系统疾病患者明显多于南方各省,其中慢阻肺占整个呼吸系统疾病的4至5成,在患病人数上,可以说慢阻肺是呼吸系统疾病名副其实的“老大”。
专家介绍,慢性阻塞性肺疾病也称之为COPD,它是由于气道的炎症造成小气道结构改变而形成的持续性气流受限的疾病。主要症状为慢性咳嗽、咳痰、气短或呼吸困难、喘息和胸闷等,中晚期严重影响患者生存质量。
我国慢阻肺患病人群的总体趋势为农村高于城市,北方高于南方,黑龙江省大量患者存在于农村和偏远地区,但公众和一些基层医生对其知晓率很低。因此很多慢阻肺患者无法做到早期发现,很多患者都是到了疾病的终末期才会被发现,严重影响了治疗效果。另外,该病的治疗通常要对病人进行长期管理,治疗环节复杂,涉及药物众多,因此提高慢阻肺在基层医疗机构的知晓率和大力倡导对该病的三级预防,规范化防、诊、治过程,补齐我省呼吸系统疾病治疗的短板是呼吸专科医联体的重要职责之一。(杨海全、李华虹、杨帆)
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