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山城堡战役:红军三大主力会师后的第一个大胜仗

2017-08-05 11:34:21   新华网

新华社北京8月5日电  题:山城堡战役:红军三大主力会师后的第一个大胜仗

新华社记者梅世雄  解放军报记者杨祖荣

1980年6月,原福州军区副司令员邓克明带着工作人员,风尘仆仆地来到甘肃省环县山城堡公社,察看当年战斗的阵地,开始撰写山城堡战役回忆文章。

3年之后,这位1955年被授予少将军衔的老红军就永远地离开了这个世界。

在山城堡战役中担任红4师12团团长的邓克明在回忆文章中写道:“山城堡战役是红军二万五千里长征的最后一仗,也是第二次国内革命战争时期的最后一仗。经过这次战役,粉碎了敌人对红军和陕甘革命根据地的进攻,对巩固陕甘革命根据地、贯彻‘逼蒋抗日’的方针、促进国内和平的实现,都起了巨大作用。”

1936年10月,中国工农红军第一、第二、第四方面军在甘肃会宁胜利会师,长征胜利结束。此时,蒋介石对西北形势十分不满:数万“赤匪”俨然在陕北另立了“新中央苏区”。而东北军、西北军等各地方实力派明显“只求自保”,对剿匪“心不在焉”。

为“扭转西北局势”,蒋介石调动近20个师,以中央军为主力,兵分四路展开围剿,企图借红军长途跋涉立足未稳之机,一举解决陕甘苏区。

“红军3大主力刚刚会师,就突然面临着巨大压力。”军事科学院研究员周鑫说,为粉碎国民党军的进攻,争取抗日民族统一战线的形成,红军前敌总指挥部根据中共中央的指示,决定集中主要兵力给胡宗南部第1军以歼灭性打击;以一部兵力威胁牵制敌第3、第37军,并相机予以打击;对东北军第67军和骑兵军积极进行统一战线工作,迟缓其前进。

1936年11月17日,红四方面军第4、第31军在萌城、甜水堡以西地区击溃敌第1师第2旅,毙伤其600余人,并击落飞机1架。18日,红军前敌总指挥部决定集中优势兵力,在山城堡地区求歼孤军深入之敌第78师。19日,前敌总指挥彭德怀到山城堡部署作战,以红一方面军主力和红四方面军第4、第31军集结于山城堡南北地区隐蔽待机;以红军第28军在红井子一带钳制国民党军第1师第1旅;以红二方面军第6军团和红一方面军第81师在洪德城、环县以西迟滞东北军;以红二方面军主力集结于洪德城以北地区为预备队。

20日,国民党军胡宗南部第78师第232旅2个团进占山城堡地区,孤立突出,翼侧暴露。21日下午,红军发起进攻,红15军团一部和红1军团第2师由山城堡南、北两侧向其西北之哨马营方向进攻,断其退路,其他各部红军向山城堡进逼。是日黄昏,红1军团第1、第4师和红31军一部,乘第232旅变换阵地之机,从南、东、北3面向山城堡猛攻。激战至22日上午,全歼国民党军第78师1个多旅。同时,红28军在红井子附近击溃敌第1师第1旅。敌第1军其他各部仓皇西撤。

邓克明生前回忆:“山城堡战役,从11月21日下午开始,至22日中午结束,共歼敌三个团。我领导的红十二团,毙敌200余名,其中敌副团长、副营长各一名,俘敌1100余名,缴获迫击炮2门,各种枪600余支,还有大批弹药。”

山城堡战役,是中国工农红军三大主力会师后的第一个大胜仗。它的胜利标志着蒋介石“围剿”工农红军的彻底失败。

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