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来源:青岛晚报
近日,莱西市民去水集街道水沟头文化市场游览时,在众多藏品中发现一件清代木胎冰箱,精巧的设计让他赞叹不已。胶东民俗文化博物馆馆长姜殿平说,这件清代的“冰箱”是他20多年前从天津的藏友手中淘来,应为皇家贵族们使用,除了具有观赏、收藏价值外,也展示了我国古人的聪明才智。
民俗馆藏着木制冰箱
“我在水沟头文化市场看到一件特殊藏品,起初以为只是一件普通的木柜子,没想到竟然是清代‘冰箱’。”据莱西市民孙先生介绍,他平常酷爱收藏,一有空闲时间便到文化市场去“淘宝”。两天前,他去水沟头文化市场闲逛时,摆放在展厅内的一件木柜子引起他的兴趣,觉得稀奇便向工作人员打听。原来,这个柜子竟然是清代的“冰箱”,可以说是现代冰箱的“鼻祖”,但对于这个古“冰箱”具体来历并不知晓。
清代木冰箱设计精巧
记者来到胶东民俗文化博物馆看到,这件木制“冰箱”高约一米,边长约0.5米,上面口小,木制“冰箱”为平开门,上下各装有铜质精美把手。记者拉开冰箱看到,共分为上下三层,下面口大被铁网分割成两层,上两层放置食物,最下层却暗藏机关,其内部包裹着铁皮,底部开有小孔。“原来这里是放置天然冰块的地方,铁皮防止冰块融化的水滴腐蚀冰箱外壳,小孔用来放掉融化的水。”据工作人员介绍,20多年前,姜殿平去天津出差时,意外得知一名藏友有个清代的柜子要出手,觉得这个柜子做工巧妙,又是个老物件,当场花高价买了下来。直到把柜子运回来后,当地资深藏友经过鉴定后,这个柜子应该是清代木制的“冰箱”,这让他又惊又喜。
为清代贵族们奢侈品
“由于木冰箱的成本较高,使用场合主要限于宫廷和上层权贵之家,因此流传至今的实物并不多见。”胶东民俗文化博物馆馆长姜殿平说,胶东民俗文化博物馆始建于2003年,馆内陈列有古代农耕器具、运载工具、各种生活用品上万件,具有重要保存和研究价值。
这种冰箱箱内一般采用导热性较弱的金属为里,这样既能起到较好的隔热效果,延长天然冰的使用时间,又可以避免融化的冰水侵蚀木质箱体。箱底有小孔,可以随时排放冰水,保持箱内清洁;箱盖则雕有镂空的通气孔,用于散气通风,在保鲜食物的同时,亦可借助里面排出的冷气降低室内温度,进而起到“空调”的作用。据史书记载,清代的一些达官显贵使用冰箱的场合很多,不仅盛夏时皇帝御膳时需要,有些官员的家里也使用。
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