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拯救“天下黄河第一弯”:超载过牧草场沙化

2017-06-26 01:37:16   经济参考报

原标题:拯救“天下黄河第一弯”刻不容缓

在甘肃省甘南藏族自治州玛曲县的河曲马场,原本总面积为59.8万亩的草原草场已经被沙化侵蚀掉了半数以上。大片的草原草场被沙丘侵蚀包围(摄于2016年6月3日)。记者 郭刚 摄

在青藏高原东部边缘、地处甘青川三省交界处的甘肃省甘南藏族自治州玛曲县,黄河干流从青海省境内流入后,从南、东、北三面环绕县境,形成九曲黄河第一个弯曲部,玛曲因此有“天下黄河第一弯”之称。

近些年来,由于自然和人为综合因素的影响,玛曲境内原本约8904平方公里的天然草原、草场不同程度地出现退化、沙化、盐碱化等现象,生态环境恶化趋势在这里逐年加剧,黄河上游的生态安全已变得岌岌可危。

加大生态文明建设力度,拯救“天下黄河第一弯”,综合施策进行治理,已到了刻不容缓的地步。

草原退化 草场沙化

高原六月,南风劲吹。成片的沙丘之上,表层沙粒随风飘散、四处飞扬,肆虐着周围逐年退化的草场、草原,疾风呼啸间,黄沙漫卷的苍茫与苍凉纤毫毕现。

这里是“黄河首曲”玛曲县的河曲马场。《经济参考报》记者看到,原本是一片水草丰美的近60万亩的草原湿地,现已半数退化成一片荒芜的沙丘之地。面对家乡日益恶化的生态环境,71岁的藏族老人丹正加唏嘘不已。

“二十多年前,这片沙漠只是零星的一点,现在越来越大了。”丹正加说,原来靠这片草场可以养活四五家牧民,现在连一家都生存不了。

六月,是“玛曲春天”的一道分水岭。由于地处青藏高原,玛曲的“春天”来得较晚。往往到了六月,南风行到此处,“草原上该绿的草叶都绿了,该开的花都开了。”玛曲县畜牧林业局副局长宗文杰说,往年随便一搭眼望过去,褐色的大地上,到处长满了黄花绿草。“现在则是满眼的黄沙,绿草反倒成了点缀。”

玛曲县是黄河上游重要的水源涵养区和生态功能区。“目前玛曲草原沙化面积已达到80万亩,90%以上的草场开始出现退化。”宗文杰忧心忡忡地说,“已经不长草即将沙化的黑土滩土地更是多达386万亩,主要分布在河曲马场、欧拉乡、曼日玛乡等黄河沿岸人口较为密集的地区。”

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