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中国应急救护技能普及率不足1% 德国高达80%

2017-06-17 14:52:34   央广网

原标题:我国应急救护技能普及率不足1% 其他国家如何做到高普及率

大学生进行急救技能演练(资料图)。泱波摄

央广网北京6月17日消息 据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,近日,上海地铁内一名年轻男子毫无征兆地在车厢内晕倒、不省人事。事发时,车站工作人员按下紧急关闭按钮后将该男子抬离车厢,地铁工作人员随即通过广播寻找有医疗救治能力的乘客。

在发出求助广播后,很快就有2名女子和1名男子赶来帮忙。其中一名叫蒋菁的女子持续不断地给晕倒的男子做心胸按压,另外两人也在一旁帮忙做心肺复苏和辅助工作,并且用上了地铁站里配备的AED急救设备。经过3名热心市民和广大群众的帮助,晕倒男子恢复呼吸,被送往医院治疗。

医学上有“黄金5分钟”中的说法,是指病人出现呼吸衰竭或心脏骤停后,通过心肺复苏等急救措施可能挽回生命,一旦过了这几分钟,将造成不可逆的后果。上海地铁这名病人还算幸运,而在我国很多出现心脏骤停情况的人因得不到有效的急救而失去了生命。

据统计,我国应急救护技能普及率仅有不到1%,而在德国能达到80%,法国40%。国外的急救技能普及率为什么这么高?是如何进行急救知识的普及教育的?

先来看美国。有数据显示,在美国接受过CPR技术,即心肺复苏技术培训的人数超过7000万,接近总人口的四分之一,掌握急救技术成为很多人的一项基本技能。在急救技术的普及方面,美国是怎么做的?

据纽约华尔街多媒体记者介绍,美国急救措施普及教育力度比较大,在美国的很多公共场合,特别是人流较大的地方都会配备自动体外除颤机AED,确保突发的病人可以在第一时间内得到有效救援。美国很多高中和大学里都会有关于急救知识的必备课程。在很多美国的健康课上老师会手把手的教同学,在不同的情况下应该如何急救。比如有人在进餐时被食物噎到,有人晕倒等。不同年龄阶段的人群抢救方法不同。面对需要心脏急救的病人时,对于成年人、儿童或婴儿采取的措施不一样。

老师为了让学生记的更清楚,会带不同的人体模型来上课。在进行所有的场景训练之前,老师首先会教一些理论的知识。例如如何判断一个人是否帮助,当事人是否清醒等。所有的理论知识结束之后,学生会进行考核,只有通过的同学才能够进行下一步学习,而同学会在课程结束之后进行笔试以及模拟场景。通过的同学便可以拿到一张带有美国红十字会标识的小卡片,上面会有他们的名字。证明在遇到紧急情况时,学生可以对当事人进行抢救。在美国差不多有50%的人,都有接受过这样紧急抢救的课本。在面对突发情况时,往往旁边的路人就能够把握住最佳的抢救时机。

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