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韩国要惩治综艺节目抄袭? 节目模式算不算作品

2017-06-06 05:06:09   经济参考报

原标题:韩国要惩治综艺节目抄袭?节目模式是不是作品?

近日,一则韩国政府要治“抄袭”的新闻吸引了大众眼球。报道称,因海外电视台抄袭韩国综艺节目成风,各种山寨节目泛滥,韩国政府将积极应对维权事宜。报道中还将中韩两国知名综艺节目进行了对比。此事再次将综艺节目模式的“抄袭”问题推到了风口浪尖。

2015年4月15日,北京市高级法院公布了《关于审理涉及综艺节目著作权纠纷案件若干问题的解答》(以下简称《解答》),对综艺节目的模式做出了界定。但目前这一问题仍不断产生争议,实践中各家电视台在引进海外节目中也对该问题不明悉。

综艺节目模式能不能算作品

“模式”是主体行为的一般方式,是理论和实践的中介环节。依据《解答》,综艺节目模式是指综艺节目创意、流程、规则、技术规定、主持风格等多种元素的综合体。综艺节目模式属于思想的,不受著作权法的保护。综艺节目中的节目文字脚本、舞美设计、音乐等构成作品的,可以受著作权法的保护。可见,综艺节目模式能否受到著作权法的保护,取决于该“模式”能否成为著作权法中保护的“作品”。

我国法律规定的作品是指文学、艺术和科学领域内具有独创性并能以某种有形形式复制的智力成果。因此,综艺节目模式能够构成作品,须满足如下条件:

一是必须可被客观感知。有人认为某档节目在观看时有另外一档节目的影子,看起来“像”,据此认为是后者抄袭了前者。但仅凭传递的感觉认定“抄袭”是相当主观的判断。这种所谓的“感觉”因为无法被客观感知,并不存在可以“有形复制”的可能性,因此,无法将此种情况下的“模式”认定为著作权法保护下的作品。

二是该种“模式”必须要符合独创性的要求。独创性是作品区别于其他劳动成果的特有之处,即必须是独立的表达并且体现了一定程度的智力创造,在他人模式的基础上进行的再创造如再次具备了“独创性”的特征依然可以成立“作品”。

三是排除公有领域之认知。这一点在综艺节目的模式上极为重要。我们知道,综艺节目中通常存在很多游戏环节,某些游戏是人们耳熟能详的,比如抢凳子、你笔画我猜等等,仅仅是游戏规则不能构成一个模式,因为在公有领域内这些思想、事实、程序、操作方法等都已经被排除在作品的范围外。

简单地说,从模式的定义来看,其有抽象和一般两种含义。在抽象概念下,“模式”是一种概念、一个理念,没有具体的有形的要素,属于思想类别,无法受到著作权法的保护;在具象的概念下,其包含着多个要素与结构,在实际运用中具体的要素和结构如果具备“作品”的条件,则该“模式”可为著作权法保护。

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