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陕西多地小麦发生条锈病 村民担忧绝收

2017-05-13 04:31:12   

距离6月初麦收不足一个月,然而我省多地的小麦却暴发了条锈病,村民们担心今年绝收。

  村民:小麦叶子像是生了锈

“3月底4月初的时候,地里的小麦零星有叶子发黄,一直以为是蚜虫病,直到4月中旬村里挨家挨户的地里,小麦大面积出现叶子发黄的症状,大伙才知道是条锈病。”蓝田县玉山镇翟家村一村民说。

昨日华商报记者在该村麦田里看到,本应绿油油的麦田,放眼望去却泛着黄色。村民翟师傅随手拔下一片小麦叶子,用手轻轻一抹,再伸出手时,已是满手黄锈。“就像铁锈。这小麦患了条锈病,减产是肯定的了,就怕到时候颗粒无收。”翟师傅说。

“上星期地里的小麦看上去还绿油油的,昨天下午,到地里看了一眼,家里两亩小麦全部黄了。”蓝田县刘寨村一村民说。

  县农业局:已给各村发了药

据西北农林科技大学专家称,条锈病是小麦的重要病害,像人类的传染病,一旦区域没得到有效控制将会造成大面积发病。

在玉山镇14个种植小麦的行政村,据镇政府统计,这场条锈病,无一幸免。“全镇约有2万亩小麦发病,占小麦种植面积的80%。”玉山镇政府一农业工作人员说,他们曾想在发病初期控制,可最终还是全面沦陷。“我们发现有村子出现条锈病后,第一时间就给县农业局反映,随后局里把应对的药剂发到了镇上,我们当天(4月29日)就把药给各村发了下去,并对村民进行指导和示范。”

“这次条锈病发病的规模是我从业这么多年来最为严重的一次。发病早、传播广。”蓝田县农业局下属植保中心的王老师说,“县里最早是4月初华胥镇出现了条锈病发病情况,紧跟着席卷了蓝田县山外的15个乡镇。我们给市上汇报的数据是,全县小麦50.2万亩种植面积,目前发病面积有20万亩,其中5万亩较为严重。玉山镇的情况还不是最严重的。”

  数据:全省724.81万亩小麦发生条锈病

其实不单单是蓝田县,早在4月中旬,陕西省农业厅办公室就对各市区县农业部门下发了《关于进一步加强小麦条锈病防控工作的紧急通知》。据5月3日统计,汉中、安康、商洛、宝鸡、咸阳、西安、渭南7市63县(区)发生了小麦条锈病情况。发生面积达724.81万亩,占到全省小麦播种面积的44%。

昨日西北农林科技大学康振生教授说:“由于去年全省属于暖冬,今年春季雨水较多,造成了全省小麦条锈病发病情况比历年严重,而且这也是今年全国的普遍情况,目前我省情况还呈上升态势。”他解释到,“虽然我们发现得早,预防得早,但由于农村种地的劳动力不足,使得全省条锈病没有在第一时间得到控制。”

康教授称,条锈病属于可控可治的小麦疾病。“即便是在5月份喷药仍可大大降低产量损失。最好能在5月15日以前喷洒药剂,政府部门有能力的应当尽快组织统防统治,但考虑到政府部门人力有限,老百姓也应当自身携带手动式喷洒机作业。只要把药剂喷到叶子上就行,操作非常简单。”康教授说,“条锈病虽然是小麦传染性病害,可一旦喷洒了药剂,治病的同时也有防治的作用,难以再受到传染。” 华商报记者 谢涛 摄影 陈团结

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