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人民日报:“精明作秀”代替不了真诚反省

2016-12-29 03:10:37   

在军国主义战争罪责问题上,是否对历史完成了清算,不是由加害者自己说了算。

12月28日,日本首相安倍晋三和美国总统奥巴马一起访问珍珠港。尽管安倍行前高调地给此次珍珠港之行贴上了“战后和解”标签,但他在现场演讲中并未做出道歉。而且,其阁僚同日的举动,更是不亚于上演了一出反讽戏日本复兴相今村雅弘当日参拜了供奉有二战甲级战犯牌位的靖国神社。

“精明”,而非“真诚”,这是西方媒体评价安倍珍珠港之行的调子。由此可以看出,安倍政府打着历史的旗号进行外交投机,不但没有蒙蔽世人的眼睛,反而加深了人们对其在历史问题上一直难有诚实交代的不满与批评。美国“飞虎队”成员易岳汉前两天给安倍发出公开信,直言不讳地指出,安倍的珍珠港之行,更像日美相互取悦的逢场作戏。琉球大学名誉教授高岛伸欣进一步指出,在看穿安倍把戏的珍珠港事件死难者家属眼里,此次“慰灵”对遇难者造成了新的屈辱。

历史问题一直都是安倍的一块心病。在以他为代表的日本右翼看来,历史束缚了日本,而非需要切实承担的责任。有学者此前提出,安倍在其著作以及与幕僚的对谈中,多次提出带有保守主义色彩的“国家观”,推崇“强国论”,主张清算“重经济、轻军事”的吉田路线,主张修改和平宪法,改变战败国形象。换句话说,在安倍的执政逻辑中,突破历史束缚是实现其政治目标的一个前提条件,即使为此突破前人不敢涉足的禁区,也不足虑。

为了解除心病、卸掉历史包袱,安倍第二次出任日本首相以来,屡屡打破常规、冲击底线。2013年4月,安倍在国会对侵略定义提出质疑。去年8月14日,安倍发表战后70周年谈话,称“不能让与战争毫无关系的子孙后代担负起继续道歉的宿命”。同时,该谈话使用了显而易见的两面性措辞,“侵略”“殖民统治”“反省”“道歉”等能够标志诚实对待历史的关键词,无一不在其遮遮掩掩的语境中遁形。凡此种种无不说明,正是因为日本“清算”历史的方式,并非真诚承担历史责任,并且一再在历史教科书、参拜靖国神社等问题上开历史倒车,其所谓“清算”,在亚洲邻国,甚至在盟友美国那里从未引起真正共鸣。

围绕安倍的珍珠港之行,日本政府竭尽全力策划了宣传攻势,所谓“战后和解”成为日本媒体报道重点。然而,尽管安倍卖力打“历史牌”,试图给加强日美同盟减少障碍,但其“目标观众”却并没有完全满意。连日来,美国舆论有声音质问:为什么安倍刻意避过12月7日珍珠港事件爆发纪念日,选择在月底到访?为什么安倍去了珍珠港,却又不提道歉?这些问题的答案其实很简单安倍这趟珍珠港之行,本就不是真正意义上的“历史之旅”,其个人历史观以及站在他背后的日本右翼政治力量,也没打算让他说出“道歉”两个字。

是否对历史完成了清算,不是由加害者自己说了算。这个道理,急于逃避历史罪责的日本右翼政治势力恐怕不爱听。但事实终究会表明,对于亚洲受害国、对于国际社会来说,日本上演多少次“精明作秀”都是没有意义的。日本唯有深刻真诚反省,才能放下历史重负、走向未来。

责任编辑:马少騄 CN061
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