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全面两孩实施1年 今年底或进入二孩生育高峰期(图)

2016-10-31 01:50:05   新闻晨报

坐满等候做产检的产妇。

原标题:年底进入二孩生育高峰期

据新华社北京10月30日电

全面两孩政策在党的十八届五中全会公报中被明确。一年过去,这一政策在各地的落地情况如何?记者进行了追踪调查。

南开大学人口与发展研究所教授原新介绍,由于存在前期观望、备孕等因素,目前多数生育两孩妇女仍处于怀孕期,真正的生育高峰至少得到今年底才会出现。

实施与预判基本吻合

在9月底召开的全国政协人口资源环境委员会一次座谈会上,国家卫计委副主任王培安介绍,目前全面两孩政策实施平稳,生育状况与政策调整前的预判基本吻合。

王培安介绍,今年我国公民的生育登记申请数量明显增加,出生人数呈明显增长势头。上半年全国出生人口831万人,同比增长6.9%;两孩出生比重为44.6%,与去年相比,上升了6.7个百分点。

记者在北京、广州等大城市采访发现,全面两孩政策落地后,两孩生育意愿逐步释放,不少公立医院产科孕妇建档一号难求。

记者近日在北京大学人民医院产科大厅看到,张贴的通知显示,预产期为明年6月10日前的产科建档挂号均已没有名额。北京朝阳区妇幼保健院产科工作人员介绍,明年5月前的产妇建档都已满额。

记者在一些省份的市县调查发现,两孩生育较为“冷清”。安徽省一县级市卫计委负责人介绍,年初当地组织两孩生育意愿调查显示,愿意生育两孩的占20%,因此预计全年新增两孩出生人口在2000人左右。但到10月份,当地同比出生增加人口仅555人,远低于预期。

多方配套政策面临挑战

记者采访发现,全面两孩放开后,大量符合政策家庭生育意愿集中释放,在高危孕妇处置、儿科医生数量等方面带来明显冲击:

高龄孕妇数量明显提升,孕产风险增加。据安徽省妇幼保健院副院长方向东介绍,为应对两孩生育高峰,医院专门成立了急救小组,接受全省各地转诊的危重症产妇。今年前10个月,医院收治了200多例危重症产妇,其中绝大部分都是高龄产妇。

儿科医生短缺问题加剧。自去年底以来,广州市有5家医院因医生离职等因素,停止儿科夜间急诊。儿科限制挂号数量、暂停急诊,甚至儿科暂时停诊等情况,在上海、南京等地也已出现。

部分地区生育保险基金压力增大。全面两孩放开后,诸多生育两孩的家庭也被纳入生育津贴保障范围之内,由此导致生育保险基金支出明显增加。7月份公布的《北京市2015年市级决算草案的报告》显示,受实施两孩等原因影响,北京市生育保险基金在2015年出现收支赤字1.68亿元,基金压力增大。

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