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揭秘神舟十一号对接天宫:T型密封圈 24把对接锁

2016-10-18 16:06:04   国际在线

原标题:揭秘神舟十一号对接天宫:T型密封圈 24把对接锁

按照计划,神舟十一号飞船在轨独立飞行2天后,将与天宫二号实现交会对接。飞船与天宫能否成功“握手”?航天员能否顺利进入天宫二号?最关键的就在于对接机构。

交会对接机构由上海航天技术研究院打造,为实现安全可靠的交会对接,上海航天人做了哪些精心准备?

对接机构采用“T”型密封圈

按照此前天宫一号与神八、神九、神十的交会对接过程看,此次当神舟十一号飞船和天宫二号拉近到对接框接触的位置后,将启动飞船的对接锁主动工作,与天宫二号的对接锁配合,共同完成对接锁的锁紧。在锁紧的过程中,安装在飞船的对接框面的密封圈被压紧,与天宫的对接框面紧密配合,形成密封的连接通道,完成密封工作。

上海航天技术研究院对接结构研制负责人告诉记者,神舟十一号与天宫二号对接,通道打开后,航天员相当于进入了一个大的密封舱。“只有保证密封舱100%的密封性,航天员才是安全的。”为此,上海航天人针对密封圈的研制花了不少心思。

据透露,神舟十一号上的密封圈为“T”型结构。上海航天主管密封圈的设计师杨国栋说,密封圈的技术攻关花了六年时间。随后开始与整机的各种验证试验,在整个攻关过程中,遇到的难题数不胜数。最终,采用了目前的这种外形和尺寸。“这种造型可以确保密封圈在空间不受力的情况下,不会自动脱落;橡胶不会因为恶劣的空间环境的作用而失效;也不会因为恶劣空间温度环境的持续作用而从安装框里脱落。”

产品细节设计尽显人性化

交会对接完成后,在整个30天的任务期间,航天员将进入天宫二号工作、生活,并开展相关空间科学实验。对设计师们来说,载人交会对接,一切为载人。秉承这样的理念,产品的细节设计之处尽显人性化。

对接机构研制之初,就对标国际,实现跨越式发展。为便于航天员在不同飞行器之间自如进出,上海航天团队目标是研制出能与国际空间站相匹配的异体同构周边式对接机构。

周边式对接机构适应性强、承载能力大,但是重量大、对接初始条件要求严格,构造也复杂。许多缆线、组件、接插座、管路都必须安装在机构的周边,十分有限的位置导致系统集成难度很大。但设计人员克服困难,从刚度、强度要求进行布局设计,并参照人机工效学等方面综合设计了一个直径达80厘米的圆形通道,航天员在太空中就是通过这个通道进入天宫二号。

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