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“长江女神”白鱀豚疑似现身 已“功能性灭绝”9年(图)

2016-10-06 12:35:59   中国江西网 作者:佚名

白鱀豚!”第一个看到的考察队员刘思洋惊呼起来。

10月4日,由民间志愿者组成的考察队报告,在长江安徽芜湖段发现疑似“长江女神”白鱀豚。

接着,人们又看到这头疑似白鱀豚在渔船左侧又第二、第三次出水,每次出水间隔距离有二三百米。它从二号船的左前方向上游逆流而上,瞬间消失在长江的水流中。

考察队立刻停船,并放下声呐探测仪,希望能够记录下白鱀豚发出的回声定位信号。

可惜的是,当时没人能用相机记录下这一瞬间的有效影像。

科考队立刻将这一情况上报给了中科院武汉水生所。水生所闻讯后决定派出专业人员加入到这次民间考察中来。下一步科研人员将对声呐探测仪的数据进行分析。

此外,考察队在船头安装了记录仪,考察队员将对录下的音视频做仔细研读。

白鱀豚被誉“长江女神”

白鱀豚是我国长江中下游独有的古老物种,2500万年以前就生活在长江,被称为“活化石”。白鱀豚是跟人一样用肺呼吸的淡水哺乳类动物,通体雪白,但视听器官退化,声呐系统非常灵敏,被誉为“长江女神”,是国家一级保护动物,也是世界12种最濒危物种之一。

50年前,人们还可以在长江看到白鱀豚成群结队出没。现在,长江已难觅踪影。

确认“功能性灭绝”

2007年,英国学术期刊《皇家协会生物学快报》发表了中、美、英、德、瑞士、日6国科学家的“2006长江豚类考察”报告,确认了一个令人遗憾的消息:“长江女神”白鱀豚被认定为功能性灭绝,成为继20世纪50年代因滥杀滥捕而灭绝的加勒比僧海豹之后,又一种从地球消失的大型水栖哺乳动物。

所谓功能性灭绝,是指虽然理论上仍不排除有少数生物个体存在,但其数量过于稀少,已低于一种生物存在和繁衍的最低限度,最终灭绝只是时间问题。

保护与繁殖均告失败

中国科学院水生生物研究所教授王丁介绍,1978年中国就开始了白鱀豚保护的系统研究。1986年,中国科学院水生生物研究所提出了“就地保护”、“迁地保护”、“人工繁殖”三大措施。

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