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“超级天眼”启用:在月亮打手机也逃不过它眼睛

2016-09-25 08:33:05   新华社


9月7日,500米口径球面射电望远镜工程全景。新华社记者刘续图

原标题:给我一双“慧眼”——“超级天眼”的探索与追问

人类关于宇宙新知的探索又迈进了一步。

25日,有着“超级天眼”之称的500米口径球面射电望远镜将在贵州平塘的喀斯特洼坑中落成启用,吸引着世界目光。

1609年,意大利科学家伽利略用自制的天文望远镜发现了月球表面高低不平的环形山,成为利用望远镜观测天体第一人。

400多年后,代表中国科技高度的大射电望远镜,将首批观测目标锁定在直径10万光年的银河系边缘,探究恒星起源的秘密,也将在世界天文史上镌刻下新的刻度。

宇宙到底有多大?这是人类秉承探索发现的天性不断追寻的问题。在发现未知地带的征程中,中国天文人将不畏艰苦、不断创新,奏响探索宇宙的新畅想曲。

“发现”的高手,大射电成我国天文学跻身世界一流的突破口

望远镜“锅盖”越大越灵敏,500米的“超级天眼”究竟有多灵敏?科学家打了个比方,有人在月亮上打手机,也逃不过它的“眼睛”。

而对老一辈天文学家来说,拥有这样的望远镜一直是个梦。我国天文学长期落后,主要受制于望远镜设备。

二战后射电天文学方兴未艾,接连涌现类星体、脉冲星、星际分子和微波背景辐射四大天文发现,而我国在这一领域却长期处于空白状态。

走过蹒跚学步、仰望西方强国的阶段,近年来我国陆续建成5座射电望远镜,口径从25米到65米不等。不过,与美国的305米口径和德国100米口径射电望远镜相比,我们的射电望远镜观测能力还比较有限。

“天文设备按国际惯例都是开放的,但中国人要独立申请使用国外望远镜比较难。国内外设备差距比较大,缺乏平等合作的基础。”国家天文台“百人计划”研究员、500米口径球面射电望远镜工程科学部主任朱明说,只有走自主研制之路,才可以扭转这一局面。

“500米口径球面射电望远镜建成,将为我国天文学跻身世界一流创造条件。”中科院国家天文台台长严俊表示。

国家天文台射电天文研究部首席科学家、“千人计划”专家李菂说,中国大射电在很多领域都具备超强的能力:发现气体星系有望在过去的基础上提高10倍,发现的脉冲星数量有望翻倍,有望发现新的星际分子……

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