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天宫与空间站或首次在太空“交相辉映”(图)

2016-09-17 05:36:28   京华时报

原标题:天宫二号成功实施两次轨道控制

在北京航天飞行控制中心精确控制下,天宫二号于16日成功实施了两次轨道控制,顺利进入在轨测试轨道。

据北京航天飞行控制中心副主任李剑介绍,相对此前,这次天宫二号与神舟十一号的交会对接、组合体运行和飞船返回,开展轨道高度与未来空间站的轨道高度基本相同,飞行任务的轨道控制策略与测控模式更加接近未来空间站要求。

北京航天飞行控制中心总体室主任陈险峰说:“天宫二号目前状态良好,各分系统工作正常。”

据了解,进入在轨测试轨道后,地面人员将对天宫二号平台上各分系统的基本功能和稳定性进行测试,还将利用搭载的有效载荷开展一系列空间科学试验活动。

  □技术突破

  天宫二号可实现“太空加油”

天宫二号空间实验室成功发射,其全系列发动机,由位于西安航天基地的中国航天科技集团第六研究院研制。记者从该院了解到,空间站工程关键技术攻关项目之一——推进剂在轨补加技术已取得突破,随着明年我国首艘货运飞船“天舟一号”升空,“太空加油”技术将正式应用,为我国空间站建设提供和补充源源不断的动力能源。

“天宫二号作为我国第一个真正意义上的空间实验室,已是小型空间站的雏形,相较于天宫一号,有着诸多创新,主要改进之一就是增加了推进剂在轨补加功能。”航天六院质量技术部副部长谭松林说,航天器在轨运行期间,需要消耗推进剂来维持轨道和姿态。但航天器发射时所携带的推进剂的量是一定的,推进剂消耗完毕,也就意味着航天器寿命的终结,而推进剂补加技术则突破了这种局限。通过推进剂补加,航天器可以在太空中“加油”,从而大大延长寿命。

在太空中实现推进剂补加这一任务,是世界范围内的难题,目前也仅有俄罗斯和美国等航天强国有类似的工程应用。2011年“天宫一号”与“神舟八号”完成交会对接之后,航天六院801所启动了推进剂在轨补加技术的攻关。

经过该所多年的艰难摸索和试验研究,空间实验室推进剂在轨补加系统关键单机——空间压气机和液路浮动断接器相继实现了从零到成功的突破。补加关键技术攻关的顺利完成,为我国空间站工程的研制奠定了坚实的基础,而补加系统及关键单机压气机的成功研制,不仅突破国外技术封锁,还填补了中国航天领域的空白,实现我国空间推进领域的又一次技术跨越,将使我国成为世界上第二个自主掌握空间补加核心技术的国家。

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