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专家建议建立输液清单规范输液行为

2016-09-09 02:01:03   经济参考报

今年以来,我国多省市医疗卫生部门出台地方性措施取消门诊输液,以期达到抑制抗生素过度使用、降低医疗费用、降低医疗风险的目的。从各省市的实践情况来 看,这一措施得到患者、医疗从业者和专家的一致认可。业内人士和专家建议,在取消门诊输液的同时,需要兼顾特殊性,避免依赖行政命令搞“一刀切”;同时可 通过建立“输液清单”规范输液行为,逐步引导公众合理用药。

据不完全统计,国际上平均每人输液2.5瓶/年到3.3瓶/年,我国则是8瓶。这种情况已引起多省市卫计委和医院的重视,目前江苏、浙江、山西、内蒙古、四川等省份已出台措施限制门诊输液。

在随机采访中,多数受访者对取消门诊输液的政策表示支持,他们认为这是站在全民医疗健康的角度制定规则,可以防止过度医疗,也能够缓解大医院医疗资源紧张的状况。

从目前已叫停的医院实践来看,多年来输液治病又快又好的观念在多数患者心中已根深蒂固,部分病人就医和用药观念仍需引导。“门诊停止输液后,刚开始病人很 不适应。”四川省人民医院门诊部主任牟雁东说。同样的情况内蒙古人民医院也存在,“刚开始取消门诊输液时,有不少慢性病患者坚持要求输液。”内蒙古人民医 院急诊科护士长贺慧玲说。

在南京医科大学二院心血管病中心主任李庆国看来,首先叫停门诊输液可以避免抗生素的滥用、减少输液造成的医疗事故、耐药性等问题;其次停止门诊输液,可以促进分级诊疗,把真正需要输液的病人下沉到基层或者社区医院,减轻二甲以上医院门诊压力。

复旦大学公共卫生学院教授胡善联认为,取消门诊输液有助于改变当下医院乱输液的现象,对“以药补医”也能起到一定的矫正作用,各地措施从总体上来看是向好的。

记者采访多位业内专家、医院工作者和卫计委负责人均认为,取消门诊输液不能靠行政命令搞“一刀切”,关键是要规范门诊输液行为,强调医生根据不同病情合理用药,不盲目输液。

业内人士指出,门诊各科室也都有其不同特点,若完全不顾及特殊性,“一刀切”地叫停门诊输液,也可能会导致一些不良后果。建议经专家综合评估后,列出一个 允许输液的清单,以增加规则的科学性、合理性,减少执行的难度。北京大学公共卫生学院教授周子君建议国家卫计委可以出台输液用药指南。

昆明市儿童医院医务部副主任李亚玲介绍说,即使是取消门诊输液的地方,很多医院儿科、急诊并不包括在内。因为儿童情况比较特殊,体液在身体所占比重比较 大,对体液流失反应比较敏感,儿童感染性疾病所占比例较大。如果孩子是腹泻、脱水,不能及时输液,那么可能会引发其他病症。

一些省市也正在慎重研究取消门诊输液的合理方案。山西省卫计委医政处负责人表示,有些病可输可不输,比如说感冒、发烧这些病,只不过输液会好得快一些,这 一部分取消是应该的,我们需要提倡合理用药。但是有些病,比如肺部感染,不输液是会有生命危险,对于这部分患者,如门诊不提供输液服务,跟合理用药是背道 而驰的。山西现在正在研究如何合理取消门诊输液的办法,既能保证不滥用药物,又能保证医院治病救人的目的。

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