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中国该不该斥巨资造大型对撞机 得回答这4个问题

2016-09-06 07:06:34   澎湃

王贻芳、杨振宁、丘成桐。(从左至右)

原标题:中国该不该斥资数百亿元建造大型对撞机,得回答这四个问题

目前的中国是不是下一代大型强子对撞机的合适选址?可见的是,科学界对此尚有争议。9月4日,著名物理学家杨振宁在《知识分子》发文,反对中国开始建造大型对撞机。次日,同在《知识分子》,中国科学院高能物理研究所所长王贻芳刊文回应,一一反驳杨振宁的反对理由。

此前,菲尔兹奖获得者、著名华裔数学家丘成桐多次公开表示,支持中国建造大型对撞机,提出可以考虑将河北省秦皇岛市山海关附近作为选址。8月29日,丘成桐在公众号上再次针对大型对撞机发文,并表示对“杨振宁反对建造大型对撞机”一说存疑。此举引来杨振宁在《知识分子》上发文。

而早在2012年,在“上帝粒子”希格斯玻色子(Higgs boson)被欧洲核子研究组织(CERN)大型强子对撞机LHC发现的几个月后,王贻芳的团队就提出了到本世纪30年代在中国建成对撞机的计划。在这之后,据王贻芳在反驳文中所提,中国为主的研究团队已经完成了CEPC-SPPC(正负电子对撞机-质子对撞机)的《初步概念设计报告》。

在规划中,CEPC-SPPC项目将在50-100公里长的地下环形通道内,利用相同的隧道,建造两座超级对撞机:正负电子对撞机和质子对撞机。虽然正负电子对撞机的对撞能级将只有0.24-0.35TeV,但它的存在可以为建造质子对撞机削减大量成本。该质子对撞机和LHC相似,都在环形通道内使用质子进行对撞。但该对撞机的通道长度将是LHC的2-4倍,对撞能级可达70-100TeV或100-140TeV,远超LHC的14TeV。

目前,不仅是中国有研究团队提出建造大型对撞机的规划,日本也有意建造国际直线对撞机(ILC)。据报道,日本文部科学省(MEXT)被期望在今年,就日本是否会建造ILC作出表态。如通过,ILC将在2030年左右建成,投入实验。但目前,出于对高成本的顾虑,日本还想旁观,看在2018年年底前,LHC是否会在第一次最大能量(14TeV)运行周期内,有重大发现。此外,主持LHC的欧洲核子研究组织也在考虑建立新一代超导磁体,将LHC的能级极限从14TeV提升至20TeV,抑或是另建一座“超级LHC”。

在王贻芳看来,最近十年是中国建造大型对撞机的“窗口期”,“在下一个五年计划开建大型对撞机,是我们在高能物理领域领先国际的一个难得的机遇。”欧洲核子研究所的LHC正面临能级触顶的困局,“欧洲、美国和日本手头都有项目,20年之内很难腾出手来,我们的竞争环境相对较好”。

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