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270个城市试点分级诊疗 “强基层”成医改重点

2016-08-23 12:31:56   新京报

原标题:政解丨270个城市试点分级诊疗 “强基层”成医改重点

新京报快讯(记者李丹丹)近期,多种信号透露出中国医改把“强基层”放在了比以往更加突出位置。近日,国家卫计委和国家中医药管理局发出通知,确定了北京市等4个直辖市、河北省石家庄市等266个地级市作为试点城市开展分级诊疗试点工作。

8月19日至20日,全国卫生与健康大会举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平出席会议并发表重要讲话,首次将“分级诊疗”定位为5项基本医疗卫生制度之首,要求“取得突破”。

近期,国家卫计委对外公布了《关于推进分级诊疗试点工作的通知》,规划出270个城市开展分级诊疗试点,并给出了分级诊疗试点推进过程中的六大重点任务。

该通知明确了二三级公立医院的定位:城市三级医院主要提供急危重症和疑难复杂疾病的诊疗服务;城市二级医院主要接收三级医院转诊的急性病恢复期患者、术后恢复期患者及危重症稳定期患者。

此外,还明确了医联体内医疗机构分工协作机制:超出医疗机构诊疗能力的患者,就近转至医联体内上级医院;对于诊断明确、病情稳定的慢性病患者、康复期患者转至下级医疗机构,为患者提供连续性诊疗服务。

通知提出,通过组建医疗联合体、对口支援、医师多点执业等方式,鼓励城市二级以上医院医师到基层医疗卫生机构多点执业,或者定期出诊、巡诊,促进医疗资源向基层和农村流动,提高基层服务能力。

长期以来,医疗资源分配不均,基层投入薄弱导致大部分优质医疗资源集中在大城市、大医院。中国医疗服务体系呈现的“头重脚轻”局面,已成为医改的重点。

数据显示,2002至2013年的10年间,基层卫生机构数量小幅下降了6%;而二级医院数量上升29%,三级医院数量上升了82%,上升幅度在2011年后尤为明显。

在2015年9月,国务院办公厅印发《关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》,规划了分级诊疗推进时间表:2017年,分级诊疗政策体系逐步完善,医疗卫生机构分工协作机制基本形成等;到2020年,基本建立符合国情的分级诊疗制度。

2015年以来,政府陆续出台了“分级诊疗制度建设”和“家庭医生签约服务”的相关文件。2015年,国务院办公厅印发《关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》,有分析称把“分级诊疗”制度单独拿出来重点推进,显示了政府对“分级诊疗”的重视程度提升。

北京大学公共卫生学院教授周子君认为,为人民提供全生命周期的健康管理和服务,需要完善整合型的医疗卫生服务体系和分级诊疗制度。如果说以前是以大医院发展为主,今后则更加重视基层医疗系统的建立。

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